Probe - Environmental Science and Technology

A Bibliometric Review of Sorghum Breeding

Xuedong Yang, , QingDou, Bin Luo, Xianyi Liang, Li Li — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:06 +0800

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a crucial food, biofuel, and forage crop significantly affected by global climate change. Frequent extreme heat and drought markedly affect sorghum production, reducing production and threatening global food security. Several studies have been conducted on sorghum breeding, but a comprehensive bibliometric review is still lacking. Therefore, we retrieved articles published between 2007 and 2023 on sorghum breeding from the Web of Science and used various tools such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace to analyze them. The analysis showed that the number of articles on sorghum breeding has steadily increased during this period. A strong collaboration was observed among the United States, India, China, and Australia. The research results published by Australian scholars provide significant findings in this field and have been widely cited. Most articles were published in the ‘Theoretical and Applied Genetics’, ‘Crop Science’, and ‘Genetics’ journals. Drought stress, high sugar sorghum, temperature and soil mineral tolerance, and marker-assisted breeding were the research hotspots in sorghum breeding. Future CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and MAS technology should be incorporated in sorghum breeding strategies to achieve precise environment-friendly breeding. New sorghum varieties with robust stress resistance, high yield, and tailored to specific use can be cultivated through genetic manipulation to effectively meet the needs of modern agriculture and promote green agriculture. Increasing the research, investment, and application of these advanced technologies can promote sorghum breeding and ensure global food security.

Effects of Cattle Dung Decomposition on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activities in Pasture during Cold Season in Karst Mountain Areas of Guizhou, China

Xuedong Yang, , QingDou, Bin Luo, Xianyi Liang, Li Li — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:08 +0800

This study investigated beef cattle dung decomposition characteristics and their effects on soil carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme activities in typical pasture of karst mountain areas in Guizhou, during the winter-spring season. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of dung was faster during 0-30 days than during 30- 100 days. Compared with initial values, both dry matter and fresh weight of dung decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at experimental termination, while soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly (p < 0.05). Soil nitrate-N content showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. Soil urease and invertase activities exhibited positive correlations with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N (p < 0.05). In conclusion, beef cattle dung increased soil carbon and nitrogen content while regulating urease and invertase activities in the short term, though these effects varied considerably across experimental sites.

Research on the wear resistance and microstructure change of 42CrMo based on deep cryogenic treatment

WenKai Kang, Yi Wen, Xiaohua Hao, Xiaozhou Shao, Dong Zhang — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:10 +0800

In this paper, 42CrMo steel is used as the object, the influence of different cryogenic treatment processes on the wear resistance of the material is explored by the wear rate. The morphology of wear scar, microstructure and phase composition were analyzed, and the mechanism of the influence of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance was summarized. The results show that the cryogenic treatment can significantly improve the wear resistance of the material, and the relative wear resistance is the highest compared with 1.35 times of the comparison group. After cryogenic treatment, the hardness of the sample was significantly improved, and the maximum increase was 4.0HRC. Cryogenic treatment has obvious influence on the microstructure of the material, which can promote the transformation of the retained austenite of the material, reduce its content, promote the transformation of coarse martensite structure, refine the martensite structure, thereby improve the hardness of the material and promote the fineness. The formation of carbides has a positive effect on the improvement of the wear resistance of the materials.

An HP filter-based study on water pollution in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin

Qingyan Cao, Ziyu Hou — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:15 +0800

This study analyzes economic and environmental pollution data from 2002 to 2022 in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin using the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter method. It decomposes regional GDP and chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions into long-term trends and short-term fluctuations, aiming to explore the synergistic mechanism between economic development and water pollution control. The results show that Shandong’s secondary industry has long dominated economic growth (peaking at 49.9% of GDP in 2006), but industrialization has exacerbated ecological pressure (Yellow River water accounts for 31.56% of the province’s total supply). Through policy regulation (e. g., closure of high-pollution enterprises, wetland restoration), COD emissions decreased by 33.45% compared to 2015, although structural pollution remains. HP filtering reveals a three-phase pattern in the COD/GDP ratio: 2002–2010 (declining with volatility due to initial industrial adjustments and environmental policies), 2010–2015 (slower decline due to cross-provincial pollution and governance bottlenecks), and 2015–2022 (stabilization driven by intensified measures such as the “Water Ten Plan”). The study suggests promoting industrial upgrading (e. g., high-end manufacturing), establishing ecological compensation mechanisms (e. g., inter-provincial “gambling agreements”), and differentiated supervision (e. g., targeting high-risk areas like Dezhou) to achieve dynamic balance between environment and economy. This provides policy references for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

Analysis of water environment quality characteristics in the Yellow River Basin of Shandong province

Tianxiu Lan, Haozhe Ye, Yang Bai — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:18 +0800

Mastering the changing patterns of water environment quality in the Yellow River Basin of Shandong Province is crucial for targeted pollution control and protection. Based on monthly water quality monitoring data from 12 national and provincial control sections in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin from 2020 to 2024, this study systematically evaluated the characteristics of the basin’s water environment quality using methods such as the single-factor assessment method, systematic cluster analysis, and time series analysis. The results show that the overall water quality of the basin has improved, with the proportion of Class I-III (excellent) water bodies stabilizing above 90%, and sections with Class V< (inferior to Class V) water quality being essentially eliminated. Although the main pollutants—permanganate index (CODmn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and total phosphorus (TP)—did not exceed standards overall, they exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations. The CODmn exceeded standards at a rate of 60%-80% during the flood season (July-September). The ammonia nitrogen exceeded standards at a rate of 100% in 2020. The total phosphorus exceeded standards at a rate close to 80% in August 2021. The dissolved oxygen (DO) compliance rate was generally high, but low-oxygen conditions (40%-90%) still occurred during high-temperature months. Systematic cluster analysis revealed that water quality conditions are mainly divided into three categories. The poorer-quality category was concentrated in most months of 2020 and individual months of spring and summer from 2021 to 2024. The good-quality category mainly included most months from 2022 to 2024. Spring and summer are critical periods requiring focused attention in future water environment management. The study recommends: strengthening non-point source pollution control during flood seasons, implementing a “floodwater interception + wetland purification” model; improving ecological water replenishment mechanisms and establishing a DO-flow linkage warning system; promoting rainwater-sewage diversion and online monitoring in industrial parks; and enhancing comprehensive agricultural non-point source pollution management. This research provides a scientific basis for water environment management in the Yellow River Basin of Shandong Province and offers significant guidance for achieving sustained water quality improvement.

Mechanical behavior and fracture analysis of sandstone containing cross-fissures under uniaxial compression by digital image correlation

Yuanyuan Wan, Xiangru Liu, Xuelei Zhang — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:21 +0800

To investigate the mechanical behavior and cracking process of fissured rock, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on sandstone specimens containing cross-fissures. During the experiments, crack initiation, propagation and coalescence were monitored by using acoustic emission (AE) method and digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Experimental results indicate that the ligament angle is a significant factor influencing the mechanical behaviors of pre-cracked specimen. With an increase of ligament angle, the peak strength and peak strain first increase, and then decrease, finally increase again, whereas the elastic modulus first decreases and then increases. Based on the analysis of the ultimate failure patterns, rock bridge coalescence mode can be classified into five categories: no coalescence, shear coalescence, tensile coalescence, three-shear coalescence and double-tensile coalescence. AE counts reach the maximum value at or after the peak strength. Additionally, the evolution of the strain localization zone can be used for identification of cracking processes, namely crack initiation, propagation and coalescence.

Suzhou’s cultural-Tourism integration for rural revitalization: Current progress and strategies

Jing Zhang — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:23 +0800

With the deepening implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, Suzhou has actively explored innovative pathways for cultural-tourism integration by leveraging its rich historical-cultural resources and distinctive ecological advantages, effectively driving the transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development of its rural economy. This study analyzes the current progress of cultural-tourism integration in advancing rural revitalization in Suzhou, examines its successful practices and existing challenges, and proposes strategic recommendations for future development. These include balancing the conservation and utilization of cultural resources, aligning tourism reception capacity with market demands, and strengthening talent recruitment, cultivation, and innovation capabilities. The findings aim to offer insights for Suzhou and other cities pursuing similar development models.

Research progress on spheroidization and purification of graphite anode materials under the dual-Carbon background

Qingxiao Li, Aodi Yang, Xiaoyi Chu, Xin Chen — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:27 +0800

With the global promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, lithium-ion batteries, as an important part of the new energy field, have attracted much attention in terms of their performance improvement and sustainable development. As one of the core components of lithium-ion batteries, the research progress of graphite anode material spheroidization and purification technology is of great significance to improve battery performance and reduce costs. In this paper, the research progress of spheroidization and purification technology of graphite anode materials is reviewed, including the spheroidization process, purification method and its influence on electrochemical properties, aiming to provide reference for research in related fields.

Humanized elements in urban public space environmental design

Yichuan Ji — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:29 +0800

With the acceleration of urbanization, the quality of urban public space environments has garnered increasing attention. Humanistic elements play a pivotal role in the environmental design of urban public spaces, as they directly impact users’ experiences, emotions, and sense of identity with urban spaces. The paper delves into the humanistic elements in urban public space environmental design from three primary aspects: spatial scale, functional layout, and sensory experience. It analyzes their connotations, significance, and specific design considerations, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for creating more humanized and culturally considerate urban public spaces.

Design of a pineapple automatic harvesting machine based on hydraulic and mechanical transmission

Yaqing Sun — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:32 +0800

This study addresses the challenges of low mechanization, high labor intensity, and low efficiency in pineapple harvesting by designing a fully automated pineapple harvester aimed at achieving automation and enhanced efficiency in the harvesting process. Based on an analysis of pineapple growth characteristics, cultivation patterns, and existing harvesting equipment, an integrated solution is proposed encompassing upright positioning, multi-stage cutting with synchronous belt transmission, lifting and conveying mechanisms, and fruit collection systems. The design process defines the operational principles and key parameters of each subsystem, accompanied by comprehensive 3D modeling. The machine adopts a hybrid hydraulic-mechanical transmission system, offering high efficiency and minimal fruit damage, while ensuring adaptability to the complex field conditions of pineapple plantations. Cost analysis indicates that the device holds considerable economic benefits and significant market potential. This research provides a practical solution for the mechanization of pineapple harvesting, contributing to reduced labor demands, improved harvesting efficiency, and the sustainable development of the pineapple industry.

Impact of leading-Edge pitting erosion on the aerodynamic performance of S809 airfoil

Xinyu Chen — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:34 +0800

Based on the morphological characteristics of wind turbine blade leading-edge erosion at different stages observed in actual wind farms, this study investigates the effects of leading-edge erosion morphology on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils. The S809 airfoil was geometrically modified to simulate erosion features, and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were solved using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The lift/drag coefficients and flow field characteristics were systematically analyzed. Results indicate that erosion morphologies characterized by pitting and minor cavities exhibit negligible impacts on the lift and drag coefficients of the airfoil.

Research on corporate ESG and low carbon development: A bibliometric analysis

Siyuan Jia, Yan Bao — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:36 +0800

Corporate ESG and low-carbon development have been key topics in ESG research. Analyzing Web of Science data, the study revealed a slow increase in relevant publications from 2017, with sharp growth starting in 2020, where Chinese researchers lead the contributions. The highly cited papers cover ESG, carbon emissions, policies, governance, and performance, highlighting policy and supervision as key drivers of corporate ESG and low-carbon development.

Characteristics of transportation carbon emissions in China from 2018 to 2022

Qian Guo, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xingzhen Huang, Libin Xu, Zhuan Wang, Jianxu Long — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:39 +0800

The transportation sector is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, making its low-carbon transition essential for achieving China’s carbon neutrality objectives. Utilizing the IPCC emission model, this study quantitatively evaluates trends in energy consumption and carbon emissions in China’s transportation sector over the past five years. The findings indicate that gasoline and diesel remained the dominant energy sources from 2018 to 2022, while electricity and natural gas consumption exhibited sustained growth, with electricity consumption increasing by 27%. Total carbon emissions demonstrated a declining trajectory, decreasing by 6.1%. Gasoline and diesel continued to account for approximately 60% of total carbon emissions, although the proportion of emissions from electricity and natural gas rose by 5%. Meanwhile, GDP increased by 31%, and carbon emission intensity declined by 22%, reflecting advancements in energy efficiency and emissions mitigation technologies. Despite the positive outcomes of low-carbon policies and technological innovations, short-term economic fluctuations may pose challenges to sustaining emission reductions.

Research progress in the application of hydrodynamic model of lake and reservoir based on MIKE 21

Haonan Zhao, Hongquan Liu, Yongtao Zhu, Huiling Han, Yuanyuan Ma, Yuan Li — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:41 +0800

The MIKE 21 hydrodynamic model is a reliable means to study surface water movement. The simulation of two-dimensional flow motion by digital model is of great significance for water condition transformation, hydrologic process calculation and flow trend prediction. MIKE 21 model has been widely used in lake and reservoir area by experts at home and abroad, and has achieved good results. In this paper, the application of MIKE 21 model is reviewed, including the application of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, coupled one-dimensional hydrodynamic model and water quality model in lake, reservoir and other areas. This paper summarizes the key points in the current application of the model, and grasps the research trends of the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic model in order to provide new ideas for the application and research of the model.

A leaf shredding and collecting machine based on counter-Rotating blade technology

Fanzhe Zeng — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:43 +0800

This study presents the design of a leaf shredding and collecting machine based on counter-rotating blade technology, aimed at addressing the inefficiencies in urban green waste management. The machine integrates a rotary rake mechanism for leaf collection and a counter-rotating blade system for shredding, ensuring efficient processing of fallen leaves. Key components, including the rotary rake, shredding unit, and power transmission system, were optimized through mechanical calculations and 3D modeling using Unigraphics NX software. The design achieves high shredding efficiency with reduced motor power consumption and includes a height-adaptive mechanism for terrain adaptability. The results demonstrate the machine’s capability to automatically collect, shred, and store green waste, offering a practical solution for urban green waste utilization and contributing to the sustainable development of green energy.

Safety and quality control in the food industry through biotechnology

Yichang Yuan — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:48 +0800

In the development of modern society, the application of biotechnology is becoming increasingly widespread, involving many fields, including the food industry. The practical application of biotechnology has brought about significant changes to the food industry, not only enriching product varieties and extending shelf life, but also optimizing nutritional content and enhancing production efficiency. This article analyzes the practical application of biotechnology in the food industry, the safety issues existing in the application of biotechnology in the food industry, and focuses on the quality control measures of biotechnology in the food industry, hoping to provide reference for the healthy development of the food industry.

Olfactory landscape planning strategies for the application of traditional incense medicinal plants in modern healing gardens

Xu Ming, Liang Zheng — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:51 +0800

This paper examines the use of traditional incense medicinal plants in modern healing garden olfactory landscape planning through PEST analysis. It suggests planning strategies by considering political, economic, social, and technological aspects related to these plants and gardens. The goal is to preserve traditional plant culture and address the growing need for health and wellness, offering theoretical and practical guidance for the development of healing gardens.

Research on the construction of practical teaching system for logistics management based on the enhancement of employment competitiveness

Tingni Li — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:53 +0800

The rapid development of the logistics industry demands higher practical competencies, yet the practical teaching system in logistics management education still faces challenges such as misalignment with industry needs, insufficient faculty expertise, and inadequate industry-education collaboration. This paper analyzes curriculum structures, industry-academia cooperation, and skill transformation, proposing countermeasures including a hierarchical practical curriculum, cultivating “dual-qualified” teachers, enhancing industry-education platforms, and improving employment-oriented evaluation. These strategies aim to bridge the gap between education and employment, offering pathways for optimizing talent cultivation.

Study on the relationship and mechanism between community environment and residents’ happiness : A case study of Haikou city

Qingyun Li, Lu Pan, Wengming Deng, Yimin Xiao, Yunlei Wang, Xiansheng Xu — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:57 +0800

This study employs a generalized structural equation model (GSEM) with Baidu Street View data to examine the relationship between community environment and residents’ happiness, focusing on the mediating role of subjective environmental perceptions. Results show: 1)Direct Effects: Both objective community environment indicators (safety facilities, street vitality, green coverage, motor vehicle traffic) and subjective perceived walkability directly correlate with residents’ well-being. Safety, vitality, greenery, and traffic show positive associations, while road proportion negatively impacts well-being. Among subjective factors, only perceived walkability directly enhances happiness, with perceived safety boosting walkability and perceived air pollution reducing it. 2)Mediating Pathways: Perceived walkability mediates the relationship between objective environmental factors (building proportion, vitality, greenery) and happiness, accounting for 52.26% of the total effect. “Perceived security → walkability” and “perceived air pollution → walkability” further mediate links between street vitality/air pollution and happiness. The findings reveal how Haikou’s community environment influences happiness through both objective conditions and subjective experiences, offering insights for constructing livable cities and improving residents’ well-being.

Analyzing the ecological carrying capacity of the Qinghai lake surrounding area based on the ecosystem services value

Gaolong Zhang — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:53:59 +0800

Investigating the changes in ecological carrying capacity around Qinghai Lake is of great significance for balancing human activities and natural resource pressures. It promotes the harmonious coexistence of economic growth and ecological conservation, ultimately leading to sustainable development. Using the equivalence factor method and the ecological footprint equation, we measured the ecological carrying capacity. The results show that: The ecological surplus around Qinghai Lake was 3.08×10⁴ hm² in 2000,19.93×10⁴ hm² 2010, and 11.93×10⁴ hm² in 2020. The overall trends of both ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint are relatively stable throughout the study period. Notably, the ecological footprint consistently being less than the ecological carrying capacity, showing an overall ecological surplus. By analyzing the ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint around Qinghai Lake, this study provides valuable insights for regional ecological construction.

Research on motor control technology of new energy vehicle based on Matlab

Tuo Zheng — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:54:02 +0800

With the continuous development of the world economy, the speed of resource consumption is also accelerating, the global oil resources have tended to be exhausted, and the environmental problems caused by it are also increasingly intensified. Therefore, the use of fuel vehicles has been gradually restricted, the use of new energy vehicles is more and more popular. As one of the three control components of new energy vehicles, the motor has very high requirements on stability and safety. Based on the application of MATLAB, this paper explores the improvement of motor control technology of new energy vehicles for reference.

The influence of computer aided internal combustion engine fuel injection strategy on exhaust gas

Yukang Wang — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:54:04 +0800

Automotive exhaust contains harmful components such as nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbons. This study employs computer-aided methods to analyze the relationship between fuel injection strategies and emissions in internal combustion engines. Experimental results indicate that delaying fuel injection timing during the compression stroke reduces cylinder combustion temperature and NOx emissions, while optimizing injection parameters (e. g., timing at 280 ms) decreases overall exhaust concentrations but increases NOx.

Computer simulation analysis of heat dissipation performance of electric vehicle battery thermal management system

Lesheng Liu — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:54:07 +0800

New energy vehicles can be seen everywhere around us, but the research on the thermal management and heat dissipation of the battery is not thorough enough. Under the guidance of the policies of the national government departments, the major domestic automobile manufacturers have developed new energy vehicles. With the development of Internet plus and new energy vehicle industry, many new automobile manufacturing forces have emerged in China. The development of new energy vehicles is the inevitable choice of low-carbon development and automobile industry development. As one of the industries guided by green and low-carbon policies in China, the development of new energy vehicles is the best way to show green development and the main breakthrough of economic development and industrial structure transformation.

Design and computer simulation of electric vehicle braking energy recovery system

Xianhuan Wu — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:54:09 +0800

Traditional fuel vehicles generate a lot of energy during driving, which leads to problems such as deterioration of vehicle braking performance and frequent road safety hazards. Therefore, how to efficiently use electric vehicles to overcome the huge consumption and environmental pollution caused by traditional power passenger vehicles is one of the hot topics of future research.