中西医药发展

老年 Dahl 盐敏感大鼠盐诱导高血压代谢特征分析

孟 婷婷

西安培华学院/西安交通大学

张 悦

西安培华学院

马 怀芬

西安培华学院

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/zxyy.v2i3.11252

Keywords: 老年；Dahl盐敏感大鼠；盐诱导；高血压；代谢特征

---

Abstract

目的：探讨过量盐摄入对老年Dahl盐敏感大鼠高血压形成的影响，从代谢组学分析差异代谢物并富集其通路，明确其代谢特征。方法：选取健康雄性Dahl盐敏感大鼠和SS.13BN 大鼠共32只，鼠龄50周+，体重330 ± 10g，各分为高盐饮食组（含8%氯化钠）、正常盐饮食组（含0.4%氯化钠）。本实验采用无创大鼠尾动脉监测系统测量每组大鼠血压变化，高盐饮食喂养持续5周后，采用水合氯醛（300 mg/kg）腹腔麻醉大鼠，然后处死大鼠取肾脏组织，将收取的组织样本的髓质和皮质用眼科剪进行剥离，然后按照分组存储于-80℃冰箱待用。运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析，进行差异化合物筛选和代谢通路富集分析。结果：5 周高盐饮食后，老年Dahl大鼠的 MAP 升至约 136 mmHg，较正常盐组升高了约 20 mmHg，SBP 则升至约 173 mmHg，较 SS-NS 组升高了约 31mmHg。5 周高盐饮食后，老年Dahl盐敏感大鼠的 MAP 升至约 136 mmHg，较正常盐组升高了约 20 mmHg，SBP 则升至约 173 mmHg，较 SS-NS 组升高了约 31mmHg。Dahl盐敏感大鼠和SS.13BN 大鼠组肾体比高盐饮食组均显著高于低盐组，提示高盐组肾组织重量增加，高盐已造成肾损伤。高盐饮食导致肾脏髓质和皮质的代谢轮廓发生了显著的变化，肾脏的差异代谢物的通路富集分析表明高盐饮食后肾脏中氨基酸代谢和能量代谢的相关通路被显著富集，提示了氨基酸代谢和能量代谢可能参与了盐敏感高血压的代谢调控。结论：长期高盐诱导的影响盐敏感高血压大鼠血压，提示其机制可能与肾脏的纤维化以及氨基酸代谢失衡有关。

---

References

[1] Arnett D K, Claas S A. Omics of blood pressure and hypertension [J]. Circ Res, 2018, 122(10): 1409-19.

[2] Roth G A, Mensah G A, Johnson C O, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: Update from the gbd 2019 study [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2020, 76(25): 2982-3021.

[3] Yang C, Wang W, Wang F, et al. Ambient pm(2.5) components and prevalence of chronic kidney disease: A nationwide cross-sectional survey in china [J]. Environ Geochem Health, 2024, 46(2): 70.

[4] Cowley A W, Jr. The genetic dissection of essential hypertension [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2006, 7(11): 829-40.

[5] Weinberger M H, Fineberg N S, Fineberg S E, et al. Salt sensitivity, pulse pressure, and death in normal and hypertensive humans [J]. Hypertension, 2001, 37(2 Pt 2): 429-32.

[6] Vlachovsky S G, Di Ciano L A, Oddo E M, et al. Role of female sex hormones and immune response in salt-sensitive hypertension development: Evidence from experimental models [J]. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2023, 25(11): 405-19.

[7] Santos J A, Tekle D, Rosewarne E, et al. A systematic review of salt reduction initiatives around the world: A midterm evaluation of progress towards the 2025 global non-communicable diseases salt reduction target [J]. Adv Nutr, 2021, 12(5): 1768-80.

[8]查龙杰. 我国老年人健康亚组及其转变特征研究 [D], 2024.

[9]王鸿懿. 老年高血压患者治疗目标及全天候血压控制 [J]. 中国临床保健杂志, 2025, 28(03): 332-5.

[10] Guanglin W, Huimin Y, Xiuying Q, et al. A case-control for the association between change in weight, family history and hypertension at different ages [J]. Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001, 13(2): 96-9.

[11] Guasti L, Ambrosetti M, Ferrari M, et al. Management of hypertension in the elderly and frail patient [J]. Drugs Aging, 2022, 39(10): 763-72.

[12] Franklin S S. Elderly hypertensives: How are they different? [J]. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2012, 14(11): 779-86.

[13] Mueller N T, Noya-Alarcon O, Contreras M, et al. Association of age with blood pressure across the lifespan in isolated yanomami and yekwana villages [J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2018, 3(12): 1247-9.

[14] Manning R D, Jr., Meng S, Tian N. Renal and vascular oxidative stress and salt-sensitivity of arterial pressure [J]. Acta Physiol Scand, 2003, 179(3): 243-50.

[15] Zicha J, Dobešová Z, Vokurková M, et al. Age-dependent salt hypertension in dahl rats: Fifty years of research [J]. Physiol Res, 2012, 61(Suppl 1): S35-S87.

[16] Wang L, Hou E, Wang L, et al. Reconstruction and analysis of correlation networks based on gc-ms metabolomics data for young hypertensive men [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2015, 854(95-105).

[17] Cheng Y, Song H, Pan X, et al. Urinary metabolites associated with blood pressure on a low- or high-sodium diet [J]. Theranostics, 2018, 8(6): 1468-80.