Catalog

0. 引言 ········································································································ 1 

1. 概述 ········································································································ 2 

1.1 概况···································································································· 2 

1.2 依托工程特点························································································ 2 

1.3 施工技术难点························································································ 4 

1.4 国内外研究现状····················································································· 9 

1.4.1 煤与瓦斯突出机理 ·········································································· 9 

1.4.2 瓦斯运移扩散机理 ········································································ 10 

1.4.3 瓦斯隧道通风研究现状 ·································································· 12 

1.4.4 隧道通风流场特征研究现状 ···························································· 13 

1.4.5 隧道通风施工参数优化研究现状 ······················································ 14 

1.4.6 瓦斯隧道瓦斯防控研究现状 ···························································· 15 

1.4.7 隧道塌方现场调查分析研究现状 ······················································ 16 

1.4.8 瓦斯隧道塌方治理研究现状 ···························································· 17

1.4.9 中国执行相关标准与技术发展现状 ··················································· 17

1.5 主要研究内容······················································································ 18 

1.5.1 多变化移动范围全方位瓦斯准确监测关键技术 ···································· 18

1.5.2 通用设备高精度、专业化优化配套改装关键技术 ································· 18 

1.5.3 复杂地质条件隧道作业空间瓦斯防治关键施工技术 ······························ 18 

2. 主要研究关键技术 ···················································································· 19

2.1 多变化移动范围全方位瓦斯准确监测关键技术············································ 19 

2.2 主动式封孔深孔测压突出性预测技术························································ 19 

2.3 通用设备高精度、专业化配套改装关键技术··············································· 19 

2.4 高瓦斯隧道施工供配电技术···································································· 19 

2.5 复杂地质条件隧道作业空间瓦斯防治关键施工技术······································ 20 

3. 多变化移动范围全方位瓦斯准确监测关键技术··························································20 

3.1 瓦斯（CH4）的特性 ············································································· 20 

3.2 多数据自动集成监测系统原理································································· 21 

3.3 煤的破坏类型······················································································ 22 

3.4 便携式瓦检仪监测原理·········································································· 22 

3.5 自动监测与人工监测联合监测技术··························································· 23 

3.5.1 监测点的布置 ·············································································· 25

3.5.2 监测设备的移动和保护 ·································································· 29

3.5.3 监测数据的信息化管理 ·································································· 30

3.6 关键技术小结······················································································ 30 

4. 主动式封孔深孔测压突出性预测技术 ···························································· 31 

4.1 预测的方法························································································· 31

4.2 主动式封孔深孔被动式测压技术······························································ 32 

4.2.1 预测孔的布置 ·············································································· 33 

4.2.2 主动式注浆封孔 ··········································································· 34

4.2.3 主动式封孔测压管 ········································································ 35

4.2.4 瓦斯压力被动测压直接测定 ···························································· 35 

4.3 瓦斯含量直接测定················································································ 36

4.3.1 测定方法 ···················································································· 36

4.3.2 测定结果 ···················································································· 37 

4.4 实验室参数测定··················································································· 37

4.5 关键技术小结······················································································ 38 

5. 通用设备高精度、专业化配套改装关键技术 ··················································· 38 

5.1 目前瓦斯隧道施工专业设备状况······························································ 38

5.2 瓦斯隧道设备要求················································································ 38 

5.3 防爆改装···························································································· 39 

5.4 主动式防爆闭锁改装技术······································································· 40 

5.4.1 改装的原理 ················································································· 40

5.4.2 改装的方法 ················································································· 41

5.4.3 改装成本 ···················································································· 42 

5.4.4 改装效果的验证 ··········································································· 42 

5.5 关键技术小结······················································································ 42

6. 高瓦斯隧道施工供配电技术 ········································································ 43 

6.1 统计法用电量计算················································································ 43

6.2 施工供电···························································································· 44 

6.2.1 正洞内施工供电 ··········································································· 44 

6.2.2 平行导坑内施工供电 ····································································· 45 

6.2.3 备用电源 ···················································································· 45

6.2.4 照明用电 ···················································································· 45 

6.3 安全用电技术措施················································································ 47 

6.3.1 与隧道瓦斯监控系统联锁控制 ························································· 47

6.3.2 接地保护系统 ·············································································· 47 

6.3.3 设置检漏继电器 ··········································································· 47 

6.3.4 防雷接地 ···················································································· 48 

6.3.5 备用电源 ···················································································· 48

6.3.6 电气设备防爆性能的检查与处置 ······················································ 48

6.3.7 瓦斯工区内低压动力电缆的选用 ······················································ 48 

6.3.8 电缆的敷设 ················································································· 48 

6.3.9 瓦斯工区照明灯具的选用 ······························································· 49 

6.3.10 使用安全电压············································································· 49 

6.3.11 洞内电气设备的设置原则······························································ 49

6.3.12 电工及用电人员要求···································································· 49 

6.3.13 电气设备的使用与维护································································· 50

6.4 关键技术小结······················································································ 51

7. 复杂地质条件隧道作业空间瓦斯防治关键施工技术 ·········································· 51 

7.1 瓦斯隧道工程施工特点·········································································· 51

7.2 瓦斯隧道通风技术················································································ 53

7.2.1 通风设计依据 ·············································································· 54

7.2.2 通风设计标准 ·············································································· 54 

7.2.3 通风设计的原则 ··········································································· 54 

7.2.4 总体通风设计方案 ········································································ 55 

7.2.5 压入式通风计算 ··········································································· 56 

7.2.6 风机及风管配置 ··········································································· 57 

7.2.7 非贯通巷道连续封闭空间压入式巷道通风加速回风技术 ························ 57

7.2.8 双风路多渠道交替通风技术 ···························································· 61

7.2.9 通风管理 ···················································································· 62 

7.2.10 小结························································································· 63

7.3 瓦斯隧道降尘技术················································································ 63 

7.3.1 水压爆破降尘技术 ········································································ 63 

7.3.2 移动式阻降雾幕降尘技术 ······························································· 69 

7.4 初期支护冷链接施工技术······································································· 70

7.4.1 网片冷连接施工技术 ····································································· 70 

7.4.2 联系筋冷连施工技术 ····································································· 70 

7.4.3 预定位强固定锁脚定位冷连施工技术 ················································ 71 

7.5 采空区施工技术··················································································· 73 

7.5.1 瓦斯隧道采空区概述 ····································································· 73 

7.5.2 多方法并联式采空区探测技术 ························································· 75 

7.5.3 采空区超前加固施工技术 ······························································· 78 

7.5.4 采空区预留加固快速施工技术 ························································· 80

7.6 全煤断面变形控制施工技术···································································· 84

7.6.1 全煤断面隧道施工特点 ·································································· 84

7.6.2 煤系地层变形控制施工技术 ···························································· 85

7.7 深层水力引导快速排放防突技术······························································ 90

7.7.1 钻机选型 ···················································································· 90

7.7.2 排放孔布置 ················································································· 90 

7.7.3 深孔注水水力引导快速排放 ···························································· 92 

7.7.4 煤与瓦斯防突措施 ········································································ 93

7.8 关键技术小结······················································································ 93 

8. 综合超前地质预报 ···················································································· 93

8.1 常用的超前地质预报方法及特点······························································ 94 

8.1.1 地质分析法 ················································································· 95

8.1.2 工程地质调查法 ··········································································· 95

8.1.3 超前导洞（坑）法 ········································································ 96 

8.1.4 超前水平钻孔法 ··········································································· 96 

8.1.5 断层参数预测法 ··········································································· 97

8.1.6 经验法 ······················································································· 97

8.1.7 地球物理法 ················································································· 98 

8.2 地质灾害综合超前预报方法与体系·························································· 102 

8.2.1 实施综合超前地质预报的必要性和意义 ············································ 102

8.2.2 综合超前地质预报的含义 ······························································ 102 

8.2.3 综合超前地质预报的原则 ······························································ 103

8.3 综合超前预报的方法、内容和手段·························································· 103

8.3.1 各种超前地质预报方法的特点 ························································ 103

8.3.2 超前地质预报内容与手段 ······························································ 104

8.3.3 岩溶隧道风险分级与综合超前地质预报方案 ······································ 105 

9. 杨家坡隧道总体施工方案（案例） ······························································ 106

9.1 施工技术方案····················································································· 106

9.1.1 洞口工程 ··················································································· 106 

9.1.2 超前支护 ··················································································· 106 

9.1.3 洞身开挖 ··················································································· 106 

9.1.4 初期支护 ··················································································· 107

9.1.5 二次衬砌 ··················································································· 108 

9.1.6 结构防、排水 ············································································· 108 

9.1.7 附属工程 ··················································································· 108 

9.1.8 隧道测量方案 ············································································· 109 

9.1.9 超前地质预测预报 ······································································· 109

9.1.10 平导洞施工方案········································································· 109 

9.1.11 辅助作业施工方案······································································ 109

9.2 施工方法及工艺·················································································· 111 

9.2.1 施工准备 ··················································································· 111

9.2.2 施工测量 ··················································································· 111

9.2.3 超前地质预测预报 ······································································· 112 

9.2.4 洞口工程 ··················································································· 112 

9.2.5 超前支护 ··················································································· 113

9.2.6 洞身开挖 ··················································································· 116 

9.2.7 钻爆设计 ··················································································· 119 

9.2.8 装砟、运输 ················································································ 123

9.2.9 初期支护 ··················································································· 123 

9.2.10 结构防、排水············································································ 128 

9.2.11 二次衬砌·················································································· 134 

9.2.12 特殊部位施工············································································ 138 

9.2.13 洞内附属工程············································································ 138

9.2.14 监控量测·················································································· 138 

9.3 不良地质施工方案··············································································· 141

9.3.1 人为坑洞（采空区）施工方案 ························································ 141 

9.3.2 瓦斯段施工方案 ·········································································· 142

9.3.3 突泥涌水段施工 ·········································································· 151

10. 效益分析······························································································ 152

10.1 经济效益分析 ··················································································· 152 

10.2 社会效益分析 ··················································································· 152 

10.3 环保效益分析 ··················································································· 153

11. 取得的主要成果及创新点········································································· 154 

12. 技术展望······························································································ 155 

参考文献··································································································· 157