An ethnobotanical role of Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. rubber bush (apple of Sodom) widely grown in a desert environment – A review
Muhammad Shafiq
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
Muhammad ZafarIqbal
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
Mohammad Athar
California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814, U.S.A.
DOI: https://doi.org/ce.v2i1.6748
Keywords: alkaloids; biodiversity; climate change; ecology; essential oils; grazing; latex; phytochemicals; pollution; revegetation; richness; seedling
Abstract
Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. is flowering desert plant species. C. procera is a broad leaves, evergreen shrub of the milk weed family. C. procera is playing a positive economic and ecological role in the conditions of aridity. The seedling growth ability of C. procera found well adapted in dry climatic conditions. The different parts (leaves, fruits, flower, bark, stem, whole part) of C. procera used for the treatment of diarrhea, malaria, cancer, jaundice, rheumatism, fever, diabetes, and many skin disease problems traditionally since long period of human beings. C. procera also utilized for fodder, fuel, phytoremediation and synthesis of nanoparticles. The published research article data was searched from different electronic engines English databases likewise, Google, Google Scholar, NIH (National Library of Medicine), Conbio (Society for Conservation of Biology), PubMed and science direct. The goal of this review was to search and analyze the research articles available covering period of 1981-2024 on C. procera. The C. procera is playing helping role in balancing the desert ecosystem due to its better adaptation potential to such diverse climatic conditions. Many researchers have reported that the change of climatic conditions, scarcity of water and indiscriminate discharge of various types of toxic pollutants, overgrazing, and some natural activities responsible for the main reason of decline of this plant species since last couple of decades very rapidly. The present review findings would be helpful for conservation groups, ecologist, nongovernmental organizations, and governmental sectors, researchers, land manager, environmental manager and field management, industrial sectors and pharmaceutical sectors are working on this aspect at regional and international levels.
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