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Prof. Puyu Feng
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, China
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Open AccessArticles
by Adiatuj Jahan Rimu, Israt Binta Isa, Afroj Jahan Bristi, Md. Al-Amin Hossen
2025,3(1);
76 Views
Abstract
Microbial enzymes play a crucial role in industrial and environmental biotechnology due to their biodegradability, specificity, and ability to function under mild conditions. This study aimed to isolate and characterize extracellular enzyme-producing bacteria from soil and poultry waste collected in Mirer Bazar, Tongi, Bangladesh. A total of 40 bacterial isolates were screened for amylase, cellulase, pectinase, lipase, and protease activities through primary plate assays (Table 1) and subsequent shake-flask fermentation experiments (Tables 2–6). Significant variation in enzyme production was observed among isolates. Strong amylase and cellulase activity were detected in PLW 5EH, PLW 5FH, GRDF 2, PEDF 10⁻³ 1, and PLW 5CH, with halo diameters reaching 40–46 mm, indicating their potential for starch and cellulose hydrolysis in industrial processes such as food processing, biomass conversion, and biofuel production. Moderate lipase activity was observed in PLW 1AH and PLW 2CH, suggesting their suitability for lipid degradation and biocatalysis applications. Pectinase and protease activities were generally low, implying that optimized culture conditions or substrate induction may be required for enhanced production. The study highlights the diversity of enzyme-producing bacteria from environmental sources and identifies promising strains for industrial and environmental biotechnological applications. Future research should focus on optimizing fermentation conditions, enzyme purification, biochemical characterization, and molecular identification of top-performing isolates.
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Open AccessArticles
by Adiatuj Jahan Rimu, Israt Binta Isa, Mst.Umme Habiba, Bijoy Biswas, Md. Al-Amin Hossen
2025,3(1);
58 Views
Abstract
Paper currency is one of the most commonly exchanged items in daily life and can serve as a potential vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the environmental contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from paper money collected from various sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 40 paper currency samples of different denominations (Tk 10, 20, 50, 100, and 1000) were collected from super shops, fish and vegetable markets, public transport, and new banknotes. Samples were swabbed, cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Isolates were identified through Gram staining, hemolysis pattern, and standard biochemical tests, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines.
All samples (100%) were contaminated with S. aureus. The highest contamination was observed in lower denomination notes (Tk 10 and Tk 20), particularly from fish and vegetable markets. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to oxacillin (75%) and cefoxitin (60%), indicating the presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, isolates showed complete susceptibility to tetracycline, amikacin, and cotrimoxazole. These findings suggest that paper currency acts as a significant environmental reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, contributing to community-level pathogen transmission. Enhanced public hygiene awareness, reduced cash handling, and the introduction of polymer-based banknotes are recommended to minimize this public health risk.
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