Thermal management and lifetime co-optimization of lithium-ion batteries using a coupled nano-carbon/copper composite–heat-pipe cooling system
Linhui Wang
School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology/Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Ying Xu
Zhejiang Institute of Communications
MOHD KHAIR HASSAN
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esta.v13i3.15564
Keywords: lithium-ion battery; thermal management; nano-carbon/copper; heat pipe; lifetime optimization
Abstract
Local heat generation and weak module-level heat rejection can produce damaging hot spots in high-rate lithium-ion batteries. This study proposes a nano-carbon/copper spreader coupled to flattened heat pipes and evaluates it with a reproducible electro-thermal-aging network. A 3 × 4 module of 21700 NMC/graphite cells was simulated during a 900 s, 3 C discharge. Four cooling cases and 420 candidate coupled designs were compared. Relative to conventional cooling, the baseline coupled case reduced the predicted maximum temperature from 65.9 to 46.2 °C, the cell-to-cell temperature spread from 3.28 to 1.09 K, and the normalized aging index from 1.000 to 0.750. A mass-penalized compromise design reached 42.5 °C and an aging index of 0.706. The results indicate that in-plane heat spreading and remote heat rejection are complementary, while condenser conductance and interface resistance constrain their combined benefit.
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