Published
2025-08-07
Section
Articles
How to Cite
中国电动汽车动力电池生命周期温室气体排放与零碳路径研究
高 敬莞
中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院
王 雪
中汽信息科技（天津）有限公司
胡 凌月
中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院
王 君君
中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院
田 旻昊
中汽信息科技（天津）有限公司
荣 常如
中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/hjfz.v7i6.10851
Keywords: 动力电池；生命周期评估；GHG 排放；电动汽车；零碳
Abstract
作为动力电池大国，中国迫切需要探索动力电池的零碳路径。本研究主要关注 LFP 和 NCM 电池的生命周 期温室气体排放，并计算分析不同碳减排途径的减排潜力。结果表明，原材料的生产阶段是电池温室气体减排的关键。 梯次利用比回收利用更能减少温室气体排放。不同低碳技术创新及优化组合是回收技术的主要发展方向。从全生命 周期来看，零碳仅在电池生产过程中实现，温室气体减排应与上下游协同。本研究可以为动力电池的生命周期管理 和零碳技术路线的选择提供支持。
References
[1] Zhao M, Sun T. Dynamic spatial spillover effect of new energy vehicle industry policies on carbon emission of transportation sector in China[J]. Energy Policy,2022(165):112991.
[2] Sun X, Luo X, Zhang Z, et al. Life cycle assessment of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) batteries for electric
passenger vehicles[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020(273): 123006.
[3] Wang F, Deng Y, Yuan C. Life cycle assessment of lithium oxygen battery for electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020(264):121339.
[4] Huang Z H, Li X, Wang Q S, et al. Experimental investigation on thermal runaway propagation of large format lithium ion battery modules with two cathodes[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER,2021(172).
[5] Peters J F, Baumann M, Zimmermann B, et al. The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters - A review[J]. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS,2017(67):491-506.
[6] Zackrisson M, Fransson K, Hildenbrand J, et al. Life cycle assessment of lithium-air battery cells[J]. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION,2016(135):299-311.
[7] Wang D. RESEARCH ON POLICIES OF POWER BATTERIES RECYCLE IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE CYCLE[J]. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT,2021,29(2):135-149.
[8] Hao H, Ji Z, Qian Z. Development Strategy of Power Battery Recycling Reverse Logistics under Circular Economy in China[J]. Ecological Economy,2020,36(1):86-91.
[9] Mohr M, Peters J F, Baumann M, et al. Toward a cell-chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium-ion battery recycling processes[J]. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY,2020,24(6): 1310-1322.
[10] Ahmadi L, Young S B, Fowler M, et al. A cascaded life cycle: reuse of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage systems[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT,2017,22(1):111-124.
[11] Ioakimidis C S, Murillo-Marrodan A, Bagheri A, et al. Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios[J]. SUSTAINABILITY,2019,11(9).
[12] Richa K, Babbitt C W, Nenadic N G, et al. Environmental trade-offs across cascading lithium-ion battery life cycles[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT,2017,22(1):66-81.
[13] Yang J, Gu F, Guo J. Environmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in communication base stations[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling,2020(156):104713.
[14] Li B, Wu J, Lu J. Life cycle assessment considering water-energy nexus for lithium nanofiltration extraction technique[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020(261):121152.
[15] Silvestri L, Forcina A, Arcese G, et al. Recycling technologies of nickel–metal hydride batteries: An LCA based analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020(273):123083.
[16] Ambrose H, Kendall A. Understanding the future of lithium: Part 2, temporally and spatially resolved life-cycle assessment modeling[J]. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY,2020,24(1).
[17] Bobba S, Mathieux F, Ardente F, et al. Life Cycle Assessment of repurposed electric vehicle batteries: an adapted method based on modelling energy flows[J]. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE, 2018(19):213-225.
[18] Ellingsen L A W, Majeau-Bettez G, Singh B, et al. Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack[J]. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY,2014,18(1):113-124.
[19] Kallitsis E, Korre A, Kelsall G, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment of the production in China of lithium-ion batteries with nickel-cobaltmanganese cathodes utilising novel electrode chemistries[J]. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 2020(254).
[20] Kim H C, Wallington T J, Arsenault R, et al. Cradle-to-Gate Emissions from a Commercial Electric Vehicle Li-Ion Battery: A Comparative Analysis[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,2016,50(14):7715-7722.
[21] Lima L D, Quartier M, Buchmayr A, et al. Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries-based renewable energy storage systems[J]. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS,2021(46).
[22] Wang S Y, Yu J, Okubo K. Life cycle assessment on the reuse and recycling of the nickel-metal hydride battery: Fleet-based study on hybrid vehicle batteries from Japan[J]. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY,2021,25(5):1236-1249.
[23] Zhao S, You F. Comparative Life-Cycle Assessment of Li-Ion Batteries through Process-Based and Integrated Hybrid Approaches[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2019,7(5):5082-5094.
[24] Zhuopu W. Potential and Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles[M]. Tsinghua University,2018.
[25] EU. Batteries and waste batteries[Z].2022.
[26] Yin R S, Hu S H, Yang Y. Life cycle inventories of the commonly used materials for lithium-ion batteries in China[J]. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION,2019(227):960-971.
[27] Wu Z X, Wang M, Zheng J H, et al. Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of battery electric vehicle[J]. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION,2018(190):462-470.