Published
2026-04-15
Section
Articles
How to Cite
基于EEG信号的益于老年人记忆认知的适老化室内设计研究
刘 文凯
华中师范大学
高 欣悦
华中师范大学
黄 嘉渝
华中师范大学
孙 欣
华中师范大学
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/hjfz.v8i3.13551
Keywords: 脑电图信号；适老化室内设计；空间认知负荷；空间形态；正交试验
Abstract
世界人口老龄化程度不断加深，老年人认知功能的退化直接影响其对居住空间的理解与人身安全。为探究多重室内环境要素交互组合如何系统性影响老年人的空间认知负荷，本研究构建了包含空间句法量化控制任务难度、三维数字场景仿真以及 EEG 即时神经活动采集的综合客观评价框架。研究采用正交试验设计方法，在三维虚拟环境中选取空间形态、墙面颜色、光源色温及照明亮度等作为实验变量。设计路径记忆与寻物定位双任务，并同步采集无线脑电信号。行为学与脑电生理数据分析结果共同表明，在适度认知负荷的情境中，高色温与异形空间显著提升了老年被试的任务成功率。在神经机制层面，异形空间能够跨任务稳定地激活与空间记忆相关的后顶叶皮层区域，有效调动认知资源。然而这种环境要素的支持作用受制于个体认知负荷阈值，当任务难度过高时，大部分室内视觉环境设计要素的调节效果将发生显著衰退。本研究证实适度引入异形空间节点作为认知锚点，能够有效调动老年人神经资源并代偿其空间定向与记忆功能的退化，从而为未来构建认知友好型的康养与居家环境提供坚实的数据支撑与参考依据。
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