环境与发展论坛 (原名：环境与发展)

电活性微生物电化学传感器在氮污染物检测中的研究进展

张 艺

绵阳师范学院

王 玉建

绵阳师范学院

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/hjfz.v8i3.13565

Keywords: 电活性微生物；微生物电化学系统；电化学传感器；亚硝酸盐检测；氮污染物

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Abstract

氮污染物（如亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和氨氮）广泛存在于自然水体和废水体系中，其积累不仅会破坏水生态系统平衡，还会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。因此，开发高灵敏、快速响应和高选择性的氮污染物检测技术具有重要意义。近年来，电活性微生物（Electroactive microorganisms, EAM）在微生物电化学系统中的电子传递能力被广泛应用于环境传感领域。基于电活性生物膜构建的微生物电化学传感器通过微生物代谢与电化学信号的耦合，实现对目标污染物的实时检测，具有操作简便、响应快速和可持续运行等优势。本文系统综述了电活性微生物电化学传感器在氮污染物检测中的研究进展，重点介绍其工作原理、典型构建方式及在亚硝酸盐等污染物检测中的应用。同时总结了近年来相关研究中传感器的检测性能，并分析当前技术面临的主要挑战与未来发展方向，为构建高性能微生物电化学传感器提供参考。

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