科学技术与应用

氢气泡动态模板法构筑多孔金属的研究进展与生物模板启示

杨 孝浩

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

郜 汝森

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

李 未伟

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

李 继坤

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

沈 帅振

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

商 子超

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

刘 树敏

北华航天工业学院材料工程学院

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/kxjsyy.v3i5.15744

Keywords: 氢气泡动态模板法；电沉积；多孔金属；孔结构调控；生物模板

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Abstract

氢气泡动态模板法（DHBT）利用电沉积过程中原位析出的 H₂ 气泡作为动态负模板，可快速制备层级多孔金 属。本文综述金属离子还原、析氢、气泡演化与电结晶耦合的成孔机制，归纳电流密度、沉积时间、电解液、添加 剂、基底及后处理对孔结构的调控，并总结典型材料体系及其应用进展。在此基础上，引入木材、纤维素、病毒和 DNA 等生物模板，比较 DHBT 动态自组织与生物模板预组织结构继承的差异，讨论其对 DHBT 孔结构可控化的启 示。最后，对气泡行为调控、三维定量表征、结构稳定性及规模化制备等方向进行展望。

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