Association of Glycemic Control with Metabolic, Electrolyte, Thyroid, and Iron Profiles: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladeshi Adults
K.M.Lokman Nayan
K.M.Lokman Nayan, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md Musa Ali
Md Musa Ali, Department of Data Analytics, Touro University, New York, USA
Jannatul Ferdous Promy
Jannatul Ferdous Promy, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ummay Jannat Sumaya
Ummay Jannat Sumaya, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Shammi Akter Riva
Shammi Akter Riva, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nowrin Nowrin
Nowrin, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Shafayate Rabbana Mormita
Shafayate Rabbana Mormita, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/mmr.v4i1.13992
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Electrolyte Imbalance, Ferritin, Dyslipidemia
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder associated with widespread biochemical alterations beyond hyperglycemia. Understanding the relationship between glycemic control and other metabolic parameters is essential for comprehensive disease management. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of glycemic control with metabolic, electrolyte, thyroid, iron, renal, and lipid profiles among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from June to December 2025 in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 500 adult participants were included, comprising 250 diabetic and 250 non-diabetic individuals. Data were collected from laboratory reports and clinical records. Biochemical parameters, including glycemic indices (FBS, RBS, HbA1c), electrolytes, thyroid hormones, ferritin, creatinine, and lipid profile, were analyzed. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: Diabetic participants exhibited significantly higher levels of FBS (9.52 vs. 4.94 mmol/L), RBS (13.34 vs. 6.56 mmol/L), and HbA1c (9.04% vs. 5.19%) (p < 0.001). Significant electrolyte alterations included lower sodium and calcium and slightly higher potassium and chloride levels (p < 0.001). TSH levels were significantly elevated, while Free T4 showed no difference. Ferritin and creatinine levels were markedly higher in diabetics, indicating increased inflammation and renal involvement. Lipid profile showed elevated LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, with reduced HDL (p < 0.001). HbA1c demonstrated strong positive correlations with creatinine (r = 0.52), LDL (r = 0.42), ferritin (r = 0.35), and TSH (r = 0.30), and negative correlations with HDL (r = -0.28), sodium (r = -0.21), and calcium (r = -0.14). Regression analysis identified FBS, RBS, triglycerides, creatinine, and total cholesterol as independent predictors of HbA1c (Adjusted R2 = 0.54). Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is significantly associated with disturbances in electrolyte balance, thyroid function, iron metabolism, renal function, and lipid profile. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive biochemical monitoring in diabetic patients to improve clinical outcomes.