Association of Glycemic Control with Metabolic, Electrolyte, Thyroid, and Iron Profiles: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladeshi Adults
K.M.Lokman Nayan
Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/mmr.v4i1.13992
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder associated with widespread biochemical alterations beyond hyperglycemia. Understanding the relationship between glycemic control and other metabolic parameters is essential for comprehensive disease management. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of glycemic control with metabolic, electrolyte, thyroid, iron, renal, and lipid profiles among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from June to December 2025 in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 500 adult participants were included, comprising 250 diabetic and 250 non-diabetic individuals. Data were collected from laboratory reports and clinical records. Biochemical parameters, including glycemic indices (FBS, RBS, HbA1c), electrolytes, thyroid hormones, ferritin, creatinine, and lipid profile, were analyzed. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: Diabetic participants exhibited significantly higher levels of FBS (9.52 vs. 4.94 mmol/L), RBS (13.34 vs. 6.56 mmol/L), and HbA1c (9.04% vs. 5.19%) (p < 0.001). Significant electrolyte alterations included lower sodium and calcium and slightly higher potassium and chloride levels (p < 0.001). TSH levels were significantly elevated, while Free T4 showed no difference. Ferritin and creatinine levels were markedly higher in diabetics, indicating increased inflammation and renal involvement. Lipid profile showed elevated LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, with reduced HDL (p < 0.001). HbA1c demonstrated strong positive correlations with creatinine (r = 0.52), LDL (r = 0.42), ferritin (r = 0.35), and TSH (r = 0.30), and negative correlations with HDL (r = -0.28), sodium (r = -0.21), and calcium (r = -0.14). Regression analysis identified FBS, RBS, triglycerides, creatinine, and total cholesterol as independent predictors of HbA1c (Adjusted R² = 0.54). Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is significantly associated with disturbances in electrolyte balance, thyroid function, iron metabolism, renal function, and lipid profile. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive biochemical monitoring in diabetic patients to improve clinical outcomes.