Antimicrobial Resistance Status Among Referred Patients Attending at Nova Diagnostic and Research in Mogadishu, Somalia
Abdullahi Tukade
NOVA Diagnostic and Research, Mogadishu, Somalia, shabeeldhaka1@gmail.com
Hassan MohamudDirie
Royal Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia, mr.xm18@gmail.com
Marian OmarOsman
NOVA Diagnostic and Research, Mogadishu, Somalia, mariaomar2825@gmail.com
Kassim HagiHossain
Jazeera University Medical College, Mogadishu, Somalia, doctorqaasim@gmail.com
Md BiplobHossain
NOVA Diagnostic and Research, Mogadishu, Somalia, biplobali17@gmail.com
Abdirahim Ahmed
NOVA Diagnostic and Research, Mogadishu, Somalia, abdirahim@nova.com
Chomel Mahbub
BIHS General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, chomel60@gmail.com
Afrin Haque
BIHS General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, afrinhaque95@gmail.com
Md. AshiqurRahman
Novus Clinical Research Services Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh, ararashiqur@gmail.com
Sadia Islam
Bangladesh Specialized Hospital PLC, Bangladesh, sadia.buhs.6700@gmail.com
Keywords: Bacterial infection; antimicrobial resistance; gram negative bacteria; bacterial isolates; disc diffusion technique
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain a major global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. While antimicrobials have been effective in treating these infections, the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has complicated management strategies. Methodology: This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens at Nova Diagnostics and Research in Mogadishu, Somalia, over a three-year period from June 2021 to July 2024. Result: A total of 650 patient specimens were analyzed, with bacterial growth identified in 647 samples. Among these, 98.2% were Gram-negative and predominantly aerobic, while 1.4% were Gram-positive, all aerobic. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (43.4%), followed by Escherichia coli (17.2%), Klebsiella (13.1%), and Pseudomonas (7.2%). Antimicrobial resistance was particularly concerning among Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus exhibited high resistance to erythromycin (66.6%) and tetracycline (50.7%). Escherichia coli showed 84.8% resistance to ampicillin, while Klebsiella demonstrated 90.5% resistance to ampicillin. Gram-positive bacteria commonly exhibited resistance to Erythromycin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Rifampicin, and Vancomycin. Conclusion: The high prevalence of resistant strains, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria like Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, presents significant challenges to effective treatment. The widespread resistance to multiple antibiotics underscores the urgent need for enhanced infection control, improved surveillance systems and researches, and comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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