Advancing Manufacturing Excellence in the Industry 4.0 Era: A Comprehensive Review and Strategic Integrated Framework
Attia Hussien Gomaa
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering. Shubra, Benha University, Cairo 13511, Egypt
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/scr.v2i2.10220
Keywords: Industry 4.0; smart technologies; intelligent automation; modern manufacturing; continuous improvement
Abstract
Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing manufacturing by integrating advanced technologies like IoT, AI, and robotics to enable higher levels of automation, real-time insights, and operational agility. This transformation offers substantial opportunities but also poses challenges in achieving manufacturing excellence through enhanced quality, efficiency, responsiveness, and sustainability.
This paper reviews the key technological enablers, strategic priorities, and organizational changes driving smart, resilient, and sustainable manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 era. It proposes an integrated methodology that combines digital technologies—including IoT, AI, digital twins, and collaborative robotics—with a human-centered approach. The methodology organizes Industry 4.0 strategies into five domains: Quality & Innovation, Asset & Operations, Supply Chain & Logistics, Safety & Sustainability, and People & Customer Engagement, demonstrating how these areas improve efficiency, asset management, supply chain transparency, safety, and workforce capabilities to enhance agility and competitiveness. Central to this is the use of cyber-physical systems for real-time data exchange, transforming factories into adaptive smart ecosystems.
Challenges such as legacy system integration, cybersecurity risks, skill gaps, and resistance to change are addressed through phased adoption, robust security, continuous workforce development, pilot projects, and strong leadership. The framework integrates Lean, Six Sigma, and Agile methods with real-time analytics, an enhanced DMAIC cycle, and adaptive KPIs to drive continuous improvement and operational excellence. By aligning technology, processes, people, and sustainability, it supports building agile, resilient, and sustainable production systems that secure long-term competitive advantage.
This conceptual framework presents a practical roadmap for Industry 4.0 transformation and will be further refined and validated through future case studies and pilot projects to facilitate wider adoption and ongoing improvement.
References
1. Xu, L.D., Xu, E.L. and Li, L., 2018. Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends. International journal of production research, 56(8), pp.2941-2962.
2. Barata, J. and Kayser, I., 2023. Industry 5.0–past, present, and near future. Procedia Computer Science, 219, pp.778-788.
3. Zhong, R.Y., Xu, X., Klotz, E. and Newman, S.T., 2017. Intelligent manufacturing in the context of industry 4.0: a review. Engineering, 3(5), pp.616-630.
4. Chen, B., Wan, J., Shu, L., Li, P., Mukherjee, M. and Yin, B., 2017. Smart factory of industry 4.0: Key technologies, application case, and challenges. Ieee Access, 6, pp.6505-6519.
5. Kamble, S.S., Gunasekaran, A. and Gawankar, S.A., 2018. Sustainable Industry 4.0 framework: A systematic literature review identifying the current trends and future perspectives. Process safety and environmental protection, 117, pp.408-425.
6. Bajic, B., Rikalovic, A., Suzic, N. and Piuri, V., 2020. Industry 4.0 implementation challenges and opportunities: A managerial perspective. IEEE Systems Journal, 15(1), pp.546-559.
7. Gomaa, A.H., 2025a. Lean 4.0: A Strategic Roadmap for Operational Excellence and Innovation in Smart Manufacturing. International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE), 13(4), pp.1-14.
8. Gomaa, A.H., 2025b. LSS 4.0: A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Lean Six Sigma and Industry 4.0 for Smart Manufacturing Excellence. Indian Journal of Management and Language (IJML), 5(1), pp. 8-29.
9. Ghobakhloo, M., Iranmanesh, M., Vilkas, M., Grybauskas, A. and Amran, A., 2022. Drivers and barriers of industry 4.0 technology adoption among manufacturing SMEs: a systematic review and transformation roadmap. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(6), pp.1029-1058.
10. Dyba, W. and De Marchi, V., 2022. On the road to Industry 4.0 in manufacturing clusters: the role of business support organisations. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 32(5),
11. Hermann, M., T. Pentek, and B. Otto. 2016. “Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios.” Proceedings of 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science, January 5–8, Maui, Hawaii.
12. Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H.G., Feld, T. and Hoffmann, M., 2014. Industry 4.0. Business & information systems engineering, 6, pp.239-242.
13. Tortorella, G.L. and Fettermann, D., 2018. Implementation of Industry 4.0 and lean production in Brazilian manufacturing companies. International journal of production research, 56(8), pp.2975-2987.
14. Mohamed, M., 2018. Challenges and benefits of industry 4.0: An overview. International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, 5(3), pp.256-265.
15. Kuo, C.J., Ting, K.C., Chen, Y.C., Yang, D.L. and Chen, H.M., 2017. Automatic machine status prediction in the era of Industry 4.0: Case study of machines in a spring factory. Journal of Systems Architecture, 81, pp.44-53.
16. Mrugalska, B. and Wyrwicka, M.K., 2017. Towards lean production in industry 4.0. Procedia engineering, 182, pp.466-473.
17. Narula, S., Prakash, S., Dwivedy, M., Talwar, V. and Tiwari, S.P., 2020. Industry 4.0 adoption key factors: an empirical study on manufacturing industry. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(5), pp.697-725.
18. Yacout, S., 2019, October. Industrial value chain research and applications for industry 4.0. In In 4th north america conference on industrial engineering and operations management, toronto, canada.
19. Qin, J., Y. Liu, and R. Grosvenor. 2016. “A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and beyond.” Procedia CIRP 52: 173–178.
20. Zhou, K., Liu, T. and Zhou, L., 2015, August. Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges. In 2015 12th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD) (pp. 2147-2152). IEEE.
21. Witkowski, K., 2017. Internet of things, big data, industry 4.0–innovative solutions in logistics and supply chains management. Procedia engineering, 182, pp.763-769.
22. Lu, Y. 2017. “Industry 4.0: A Survey on Technologies, Applications and Open Research Issues.” Journal of Industrial Information Integration 6: 1–10.
23. Ghobakhloo, M., 2020. Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 252, p.119869.
24. Choudhary, D. and Nandy, I., 2024. A study of sustainability risks from industry 4.0 perspective: taxonomy and future research avenues. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 34(6), pp.1178-1205.
25. Rijwani, T., Kumari, S., Srinivas, R., Abhishek, K., Iyer, G., Vara, H., Dubey, S., Revathi, V. and Gupta, M., 2025. Industry 5.0: A review of emerging trends and transformative technologies in the next industrial revolution. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 19(2), pp.667-679.
26. Gomaa, A.H., 2025c. SCM 4.0 Excellence: A Strategic Framework for Smart and Competitive Supply Chains. International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH), 11(8), pp. 24-44.
27. Gomaa, A.H., 2025d. Maintenance 4.0: Optimizing Asset Integrity and Reliability in Modern Manufacturing. Int. J. Inven. Eng. Sci.(IJIES), 12(2), pp.18-26.
28. Gomaa, A.H., 2025e. RCM 4.0: A Novel Digital Framework for Reliability-Centered Maintenance in Smart Industrial Systems, 13(5), pp. 32-43.
29. Nguyen, T.A.V., Tucek, D. and Pham, N.T., 2023. Indicators for TQM 4.0 model: Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(1-2), pp.220-234.
30. Broday, E.E., 2022. The evolution of quality: from inspection to quality 4.0. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 14(3), pp.368-382.
31. Dias, A.M., Carvalho, A.M. and Sampaio, P., 2022. Quality 4.0: literature review analysis, definition and impacts of the digital transformation process on quality. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(6), pp.1312-1335.
32. Maganga, D.P. and Taifa, I.W., 2022. Quality 4.0 conceptualisation: an emerging quality management concept for manufacturing industries. The TQM Journal, 35(2), pp.389-413.
33. Sureshchandar, G.S., 2023. Quality 4.0–a measurement model using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 40(1), pp.280-303.
34. Thekkoote, R., 2022. Enabler toward successful implementation of Quality 4.0 in digital transformation era: a comprehensive review and future research agenda. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(6), pp.1368-1384.
35. Zonnenshain, A. and Kenett, R.S., 2020. Quality 4.0—the challenging future of quality engineering. Quality Engineering, 32(4), pp.614-626.
36. Ali, K. and Johl, S.K., 2023. Impact of total quality management on industry 4.0 readiness and practices: does firm size matter?. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 36(4), pp.567-589.
37. Ali, K., Johl, S.K., Muneer, A., Alwadain, A. and Ali, R.F., 2022. Soft and hard total quality management practices promote industry 4.0 readiness: a SEM-neural network approach. Sustainability, 14(19), p.11917.
38. Albers, A., Gladysz, B., Pinner, T., Butenko, V. and Stürmlinger, T., 2016. Procedure for defining the system of objectives in the initial phase of an industry 4.0 project focusing on intelligent quality control systems. Procedia Cirp, 52, pp.262-267.
39. Sader, S., Husti, I. and Daroczi, M., 2019. Quality management practices in the era of industry 4.0. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej Research Reviews of Czestochowa University of Technology, 35(1), pp.117-126.
40. Babatunde, O.K., 2021. Mapping the implications and competencies for Industry 4.0 to hard and soft total quality management. The TQM Journal, 33(4), pp.896-914.
41. Santos, B.P., Enrique, D.V., Maciel, V.B., Lima, T.M., Charrua-Santos, F. and Walczak, R., 2021. The synergic relationship between industry 4.0 and lean management: Best practices from the literature. Management and Production Engineering Review, 12(1), pp.94-107.
42. Fundin, A., Lilja, J., Lagrosen, Y. and Bergquist, B., 2025. Quality 2030: quality management for the future. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 36(3-4), pp.264-280.
43. Sanders, A., Elangeswaran, C. and Wulfsberg, J., 2016. Industry 4.0 implies lean manufacturing: Research activities in industry 4.0 function as enablers for lean manufacturing. Journal of industrial engineering and management, 9(3), pp.811-833.
44. Buer, S.V., Strandhagen, J.O. and Chan, F.T., 2018. The link between Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing: mapping current research and establishing a research agenda. International journal of production research, 56(8), pp.2924-2940.
45. Tortorella, G.L., Giglio, R. and Van Dun, D.H., 2019. Industry 4.0 adoption as a moderator of the impact of lean production practices on operational performance improvement. International journal of operations & production management, 39(6/7/8), pp.860-886.
46. Varela, L., Araújo, A., Ávila, P., Castro, H. and Putnik, G., 2019. Evaluation of the relation between lean manufacturing, industry 4.0, and sustainability. Sustainability, 11(5), p.1439.
47. Ilangakoon, T.S., Weerabahu, S.K., Samaranayake, P. and Wickramarachchi, R., 2022. Adoption of Industry 4.0 and lean concepts in hospitals for healthcare operational performance improvement. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(6), pp.2188-2213.
48. Akanmu, M.D., Nordin, N. and Gunasilan, U., 2022. Lean manufacturing practices and integration of IR 4.0 technologies for sustainability in the healthcare manufacturing industry. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability (IJSMS), 7(1), pp.21-48.
49. Cifone, F.D., Hoberg, K., Holweg, M. and Staudacher, A.P., 2021. ‘Lean 4.0’: How can digital technologies support lean practices?. International Journal of Production Economics, 241, p.108258.
50. Kumar, P., Bhadu, J., Singh, D. and Bhamu, J., 2021. Integration between lean, six sigma and industry 4.0 technologies. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 13(1-3), pp.19-37.
51. Rosin, F., Forget, P., Lamouri, S. and Pellerin, R., 2020. Impacts of Industry 4.0 technologies on Lean principles. International Journal of Production Research, 58(6), pp.1644-1661.
52. Ciano, M.P., Dallasega, P., Orzes, G. and Rossi, T., 2021. One-to-one relationships between Industry 4.0 technologies and Lean Production techniques: a multiple case study. International journal of production research, 59(5), pp.1386-1410.
53. Moreira, T.D.C.R., Nascimento, D.L.D.M., Smirnova, Y. and Santos, A.C.D.S.G.D., 2024. Lean six sigma 4.0 methodology for optimizing occupational exams in operations management. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 15(8), pp.93-119.
54. Pongboonchai-Empl, T., Antony, J., Garza-Reyes, J.A., Komkowski, T. and Tortorella, G.L., 2024. Integration of Industry 4.0 technologies into Lean Six Sigma DMAIC: A systematic review. Production Planning & Control, 35(12), pp.1403-1428.
55. Bittencourt, V.L., Alves, A.C. and Leão, C.P., 2021. Industry 4.0 triggered by Lean Thinking: insights from a systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 59(5), pp.1496-1510.
56. Walas Mateo, F., Tornillo, J.E., Orellana Ibarra, V., Fretes, S.M. and Seminario, A.G., 2023. Lean 4.0, Industrial Processes Optimization at SMEs in the Great Buenos Aires Region. LACCEI, 1(8).
57. Komkowski, T., Antony, J., Garza-Reyes, J.A., Tortorella, G.L. and Pongboonchai-Empl, T., 2023. The integration of Industry 4.0 and Lean Management: a systematic review and constituting elements perspective. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 34(7-8), pp.1052-1069.
58. Torre, N., Leo, C. and Bonamigo, A., 2023. Lean 4.0: An analytical approach for hydraulic system maintenance in a production line of a steel-making plant. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(3), pp.186-199.
59. Johansson, P.E., Bruch, J., Chirumalla, K., Osterman, C. and Stålberg, L., 2024. Integrating advanced digital technologies in existing lean-based production systems: analysis of paradoxes, imbalances and management strategies. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
60. Galeazzo, A., Furlan, A., Tosetto, D. and Vinelli, A., 2024. Are lean and digital engaging better problem solvers? An empirical study on Italian manufacturing firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
61. Frank, A.G., Thürer, M., Godinho Filho, M. and Marodin, G.A., 2024. Beyond Industry 4.0–integrating Lean, digital technologies and people. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 44(6), pp.1109-1126.
62. Hines, P., Tortorella, G.L., Antony, J. and Romero, D., 2023. Lean Industry 4.0: Past, present, and future. Quality Management Journal, 30(1), pp.64-88.
63. Kassem, B., Callupe, M., Rossi, M., Rossini, M. and Portioli-Staudacher, A., 2024. Lean 4.0: a systematic literature review on the interaction between lean production and industry 4.0 pillars. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management.
64. Tjahjono, B., Esplugues, C., Ares, E. and Pelaez, G., 2017. What does industry 4.0 mean to supply chain?. Procedia manufacturing, 13, pp.1175-1182.
65. Pasi, B.N., Mahajan, S.K. and Rane, S.B., 2020. Smart supply chain management: a perspective of industry 4.0. Supply Chain Management, 29(5), pp.3016-3030.
66. Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Qin, Z., Yang, Y. and Li, J., 2023. A literature review on the application of digital technology in achieving green supply chain management. Sustainability, 15(11), p.8564.
67. Frazzon, E.M., Rodriguez, C.M.T., Pereira, M.M., Pires, M.C. and Uhlmann, I., 2019. Towards supply chain management 4.0. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 16(2), pp.180-191.
68. Hofmann, E., Sternberg, H., Chen, H., Pflaum, A. and Prockl, G., 2019. Supply chain management and Industry 4.0: conducting research in the digital age. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 49(10), pp.945-955.
69. Mhaskey, S.V., 2024. SCM 4.0: Navigating the Impact of Industry 4.0 on Supply Chain Management through Digitalization and Technology Integration. International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends. 11(10), pp. 1-12.
70. Fatorachian, H. and Kazemi, H., 2021. Impact of Industry 4.0 on supply chain performance. Production Planning & Control, 32(1), pp.63-81.
71. Govindan, K., Kannan, D., Jørgensen, T.B. and Nielsen, T.S., 2022. Supply Chain 4.0 performance measurement: A systematic literature review, framework development, and empirical evidence. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 164, p.102725.
72. Patel, K.R., 2023. Enhancing global supply chain resilience: Effective strategies for mitigating disruptions in an interconnected world. BULLET: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(1), pp.257-264.
73. Helo, P. and Hao, Y., 2022. Artificial intelligence in operations management and supply chain management: An exploratory case study. Production Planning & Control, 33(16), pp.1573-1590.
74. Zhang, G., Yang, Y. and Yang, G., 2023. Smart supply chain management in Industry 4.0: the review, research agenda and strategies in North America. Annals of operations research, 322(2), pp.1075-1117.
75. Chauhan, S., Singh, R., Gehlot, A., Akram, S.V., Twala, B. and Priyadarshi, N., 2022. Digitalization of supply chain management with industry 4.0 enabling technologies: a sustainable perspective. Processes, 11(1), p.96.
76. Samper, M.G., Florez, D.G., Borre, J.R. and Ramirez, J., 2022. Industry 4.0 for sustainable supply chain management: Drivers and barriers. Procedia Computer Science, 203, pp.644-650.
77. Liu, L., Song, W. and Liu, Y., 2023. Leveraging digital capabilities toward a circular economy: Reinforcing sustainable supply chain management with Industry 4.0 technologies. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 178, p.109113.
78. Rossini, M., Powell, D.J. and Kundu, K., 2023. Lean supply chain management and Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 14(2), pp.253-276.
79. Mubarik, M.S. and Khan, S.A., 2024. Firms Intellectual Capital and Digital Supply Chain Management. In The Theory, Methods and Application of Managing Digital Supply Chains (pp. 77-92). Emerald Publishing Limited.
80. Shadravan, A. and Parsaei, H.R., 2023, June. Applications of Industry 4.0 in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review. In Proceedings of the 8th North American International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM Society), (Vol. 20230419).
81. Saif-Ur-Rehman, K., Barson, N. and Hamdan, Y.H., 2024. Industry 4.0 technologies and firm performance with digital supply chain platforms and supply chain capabilities. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 18(4), pp.893-924.
82. Huang, K., Wang, K., Lee, P.K. and Yeung, A.C., 2023. The impact of industry 4.0 on supply chain capability and supply chain resilience: A dynamic resource-based view. International Journal of Production Economics, 262, p.108913.
83. Cachada, A., Barbosa, J., Leitño, P., Gcraldcs, C.A., Deusdado, L., Costa, J., Teixeira, C., Teixeira, J., Moreira, A.H., Moreira, P.M. and Romero, L., 2018, September. Maintenance 4.0: Intelligent and predictive maintenance system architecture. In 2018 IEEE 23rd international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA) (Vol. 1, pp. 139-146). IEEE.
84. Lee, J., Ni, J., Singh, J., Jiang, B., Azamfar, M. and Feng, J., 2020. Intelligent maintenance systems and predictive manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 142(11), p.110805.
85. Ceruti, A., Marzocca, P., Liverani, A. and Bil, C., 2018. Maintenance in Aeronautics in an Industry 4.0 Context: the role of AR and AM. In Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0 (pp. 43-52). IOS Press.
86. Zhang, W., Yang, D. and Wang, H., 2019. Data-driven methods for predictive maintenance of industrial equipment: A survey. IEEE systems journal, 13(3), pp.2213-2227.
87. Franciosi, C., Iung, B., Miranda, S. and Riemma, S., 2018. Maintenance for sustainability in the industry 4.0 context: A scoping literature review. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(11), pp.903-908.
88. Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, M. and Gola, A., 2019. Maintenance 4.0 technologies for sustainable manufacturing-an overview. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(10), pp.91-96.
89. Bousdekis, A., Apostolou, D. and Mentzas, G., 2019. Predictive maintenance in the 4th industrial revolution: Benefits, business opportunities, and managerial implications. IEEE engineering management review, 48(1), pp.57-62.
90. Tortorella, G.L., Fogliatto, F.S., Cauchick-Miguel, P.A., Kurnia, S. and Jurburg, D., 2021. Integration of industry 4.0 technologies into total productive maintenance practices. International Journal of Production Economics, 240, p.108224.
91. Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, M. and Antosz, K., 2022, June. Industry 4.0 technologies for maintenance management–an overview. In International Conference Innovation in Engineering (pp. 68-79). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
92. Silvestri, L., Forcina, A., Introna, V., Santolamazza, A. and Cesarotti, V., 2020. Maintenance transformation through Industry 4.0 technologies: A systematic literature review. Computers in industry, 123, p.103335.
93. Taş, Ü., 2024. Advancing predictive maintenance: a comprehensive case study through industry 4.0. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 13(3), pp.133-142.
94. Hlihel, F.B., Chater, Y. and Boumane, A., 2022, March. Maintenance 4.0 Employees' Competencies: Systematic Literature Review. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) (pp. 1-14). IEEE.
95. Giacotto, A., Costa Marques, H., Pereira Barreto, E.A. and Martinetti, A., 2021. The need for ecosystem 4.0 to support maintenance 4.0: An aviation assembly line case. Applied Sciences, 11(8), p.3333.
96. Adriaensen, A., Decré, W. and Pintelon, L., 2019. Can complexity-thinking methods contribute to improving occupational safety in industry 4.0? A review of safety analysis methods and their concepts. Safety, 5(4), p.65.
97. Adekoya, O.O., Tula, O.A., Adefemi, A. and Abatan, A., 2023. Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) practices in the LNG industry: A review.
98. Laciok, V., Bernatik, A. and Lesnak, M., 2020. Experimental implementation of new technology into the area of teaching occupational safety for industry 4.0. Int. J. Saf. Secur. Eng, 10(3), pp.403-407.
99. Siemieniuch, C.E., Sinclair, M.A. and Henshaw, M.D., 2015. Global drivers, sustainable manufacturing and systems ergonomics. Applied ergonomics, 51, pp.104-119.
100. Fan, H., Enshaei, H. and Jayasinghe, S.G., 2021. Safety philosophy and risk analysis methodology for LNG bunkering simultaneous operations (SIMOPs): A literature review. Safety science, 136, p.105150.
101. Kheni, N.A. and Afatsawu, P.K., 2022. A study of challenges faced by regulatory authorities for implementing health and safety compliance in the Ghana construction industry context. Int. J. Manag. Entrep. Res, 4, pp.315-333.
102. Yeshitila, D., Kitaw, D. and Jilcha, K., 2021. Applying lean thinking to improve operational safety in oil and gas industry. Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 11(3), pp.120-141.
103. Markowski, A.S., Krasławski, A., Vairo, T. and Fabiano, B., 2021. Process safety management quality in industrial corporation for sustainable development. Sustainability, 13(16), p.9001.
104. Chia, G., Lim, S.M., Sng, G.K.J., Hwang, Y.F.J. and Chia, K.S., 2019. Need for a new workplace safety and health (WSH) strategy for the fourth Industrial Revolution. American journal of industrial medicine, 62(4), pp.275-281.
105. Ávila-Gutiérrez, M.J., Suarez-Fernandez de Miranda, S. and Aguayo-González, F., 2022. Occupational safety and health 5.0—A model for multilevel strategic deployment aligned with the sustainable development goals of agenda 2030. Sustainability, 14(11), p.6741.