先进急诊医学

运动相关心源性猝死

周 渝

中国人民解放军 63650 部队医院心血管内科

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/xjjz.v8i2.14629

Keywords: 运动相关心源性猝死；流行病学；病因学；预防策略；运动安全

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Abstract

运动相关心源性猝死（Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Death, Sr-SCD）是指发生在运动过程中或运动后 1 小时 内的非创伤性心源性死亡事件。近年来，随着全民健身运动的普及，Sr-SCD 的发生率呈上升趋势，已成为运动医 学和公共健康领域的重要课题。本文回顾了 Sr-SCD 的流行病学特征、病因学机制及预防策略的最新研究进展。流 行病学数据显示，Sr-SCD 的发生率约为每 10 万人年 0.47 至 6.64 例，男性显著高于女性，且与年龄、运动强度及种 族密切相关。病因学方面，35 岁以上人群以冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病为主要病因，而 35 岁以下人群则以遗传性心 肌病和离子通道病为主，包括肥厚型心肌病、致心律失常性右室心肌病、长 QT 综合征等。预防策略涵盖赛前筛查、 现场急救体系建设和公众教育等多个层面。本文旨在为运动相关心源性猝死的防控提供理论依据和实践指导。

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