先进急诊医学

肺癌靶向药物的研发与临床应用

包 晨

内蒙古医科大学通辽临床医学院

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/xjjz.v6i4.8615

Keywords: 非小细胞肺癌；精准医疗；靶向治疗；EGFR 突变；耐药机制

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Abstract

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是最常见的肺癌类型，驱动基因突变的精准治疗显著改善了患者的生存期和生活质量。 EGFR、ALK 和 KRAS 等驱动基因的靶向药物，如埃克替尼、克唑替尼和 Sotorasib，在临床应用中表现出较好疗效， 但治疗耐药性和肿瘤异质性仍是主要挑战。研究发现，T790M 突变、旁路激活等机制是靶向治疗耐药的主要原因。 为克服耐药问题，新一代 TKI 药物、靶向与免疫联合治疗成为重要策略。未来，通过液体活检、二代测序等分子诊 断技术，以及大数据与人工智能支持的个性化医疗，可进一步提高 NSCLC 精准治疗效果，解决耐药性和异质性问题， 推动肺癌治疗向更精准、个体化方向发展。

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