The use of microorganisms as a solution for environmental sanitation in urban slums in poor and developing countries.
Estefan M. da Fonseca
Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR – Laboratório de Geologia Marinha, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
Christine C. Gaylardeb
Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Oklahoma University, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA. ORCID ID 0000-0002-7252-0211
Bruno S. Pierria
Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR – Laboratório de Geologia Marinha, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
Jéssica de F. Delgadoa
Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR – Laboratório de Geologia Marinha, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
Leonardo S. De Limaa
Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR – Laboratório de Geologia Marinha, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
Bismarck Alcantarac
Instituto Singular - Praça Mahatma Gandhi, Edifício Odeon, nº 2, sala 917, Cinelândia, Rio de Janeiro -RJ.
Letícia F. Garciac
Instituto Singular - Praça Mahatma Gandhi, Edifício Odeon, nº 2, sala 917, Cinelândia, Rio de Janeiro -RJ.
José A. S. Aranhad
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, no bairro da Gávea, Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro
Mariana M. M. Lopese
Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade do Estados do Rio de Janeiro – SEAS - Av. Venezuela, 110 Saúde Rio de Janeiro
Ana L. Astie
Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade do Estados do Rio de Janeiro – SEAS - Av. Venezuela, 110 Saúde Rio de Janeiro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ersr.v2i2.10224
Keywords: Urbanization; informal settlements; sanitation; public health; microorganisms; bioremediation; water quality; environmental restoration
Abstract
Accelerated urbanization in developing countries has driven the expansion of informal settlements, often without access to essential infrastructure such as water supply, sewage treatment, and waste management. These deficiencies contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases and the degradation of urban ecosystems. Streams in these areas are frequently used as open sewers, intensifying environmental contamination and health risks. Addressing these challenges requires integrated public policies focused on land regularization, sanitation infrastructure, and environmental justice. In this context, microbial bioremediation emerges as a sustainable and low-cost alternative. The use of specific microorganisms capable of degrading organic and chemical pollutants offers several advantages: they can adapt to different environments, require minimal maintenance, and do not produce secondary pollution. These biological agents improve water quality, reduce pathogen loads, and support the ecological restoration of contaminated urban waterways. Their application in decentralized and community-level interventions makes them particularly suitable for areas with limited infrastructure. By combining conventional urban planning with microbial-based strategies, it is possible to promote healthier environments and enhance public health in vulnerable communities affected by unregulated urban growth. Within this context, the primary objective of this article was to collect data from a wide range of available studies on the subject to provide insights that could encourage the development of microbiological research to support public policies for environmental sanitation in slums and other communities where infrastructure installation is particularly challenging.
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