Viral Infections and Cancer Research

Abstract Background: The study aims to identify bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns from patients with pus and wound discharge, addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance and the need for rational use in controlling infections. Methods and Materials: The cross sectional study at Bangladesh University of Health Sciences involved purposive sampling and Pus & tracheal aspirates from patients. It followed standard laboratory procedures for bacterial species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines 2017. Results: This study examined 400 samples over a year, with most being pus (84%) and tracheal aspirate (16%). Males were predominant (56%), and gram-negative bacteria were predominant (74%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to tigecycline (83%), followed by Meropenem & Doxycycline (67%), Gentamicin (58%), Cotrimoxaxole, Chloramphenicol & Colistin (42% each). Klebsiella pneumoniae were 100% sensitive to Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin & Tigecycline, and were 100% resistant to Cefotaxime, Cefixime & Cotrimoxazole. Escherichia coli were highly sensitive to Meropenem & Tigecycline, followed by Ceftazidime (69%), Gentamicin (63%), Ciprofloxacin & Colistin (62%), Doxycycline, Cefotoxime, Cefoxitin, Cotrimoxazole & Chloramphenicol (50%), Cefixime (31%), Amoxycillin (25%), and Ampicillin (24%). Staphylococcus aureus were most resistant to Vancomycin & Linezolid (75%). Multidrug resistance was found in 320 (80%) organisms in pus & tracheal aspirate. Conclusion: Multiple organisms were isolated from tracheal aspirate and pus, with most being multidrug resistant. The appropriate antibiotic for treatment should be chosen based on culture sensitivity.

Abstract Enterococci, particularly Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, are prominent opportunistic pathogens in hospital settings, often linked to severe infections and increased morbidity and mortality. The rise in antimicrobial resistance, notably high-level aminoglycoside-resistant and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, poses significant treatment challenges. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Enterococcus infections and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with a focus on understanding resistance trends and their association with patient demographics and specimen types. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital over one year. Clinical samples, including blood, urine, and pus, were collected and processed using standard microbiological techniques. Identification of Enterococcus species was performed using biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, and statistical associations were examined for significance. Results: Out of 1500 clinical samples, 147 were positive for Enterococcus species, with Enterococcus faecium (58.3%) and Enterococcus faecalis (31.7%) being the most prevalent. The study found high resistance rates in E. faecium to penicillin (40.0%) and ciprofloxacin (60.0%), while E. faecalis exhibited lower resistance levels. Resistance to linezolid (0.9%) and vancomycin (6.2%) was relatively low. Significant associations were observed between age groups, specimen types, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Younger patients (16-36 years) showed higher resistance levels compared to older groups. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of Enterococcus faecium with significant antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance and effective antimicrobial stewardship. An inverse relationship was observed between prevalence and resistance levels. Further research into resistance mechanisms and patient demographics is essential to address antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings.