先进急诊医学

非药物护理干预改善老年痴呆患者睡眠障碍的研究进展

彭 仙

大连大学护理学院

王 迪

大连大学护理学院

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/xjjz.v7i2.10362

Keywords: 老年痴呆；睡眠障碍；非药物护理干预；CBT-I

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Abstract

在老年痴呆患者的临床护理中，睡眠——觉醒周期紊乱问题十分突出。包括失眠、昼夜节律失调、夜间频 繁醒来以及日间嗜睡等症状。这些异常睡眠现象可能会加速认知功能下降，因此调节老年痴呆患者的异常睡眠模式 在改善他们的认知功能上具有十分重要的意义。目前，临床对老年痴呆患者睡眠障碍的治疗以药物为主，但鉴于药 物的依从性和长期适用性存在疑虑，非药物护理措施具有更高的安全性和患者依从性，因而逐渐成为护理临床应用 的重要选择方向。论文分析了认知行为疗法（CBT-I）、光照疗法、音乐治疗等非药物干预措施在老年痴呆患者睡眠 障碍管理障碍中的应用，探讨了其适应性以及潜在的协同效应。结果表明，CBT-I 及多模态干预能有效提高老年痴呆 患者的睡眠效率，减少夜间觉醒频率，对伴发的焦虑、抑郁等情绪症状具有协同改善作用。论文还分析了智能穿戴 设备在护理干预中的应用，并提出未来的研究方向，包括多模态干预的长期效果和不同行为策略在不同痴呆亚型中 的适用性。建议推广非药物护理干预在临床中的应用，并强化交叉学科间的合作，设计出基于多模态和个性化的护 理干预方案，为改善老年痴呆患者睡眠质量提供最有效的干预。

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