Probe - Environmental Science and Technology

Abstract This study examines the critical role of hydrogeological conditions in mining engineering exploration. Groundwater dynamics, aquifer characteristics, and water table fluctuations significantly impact mine stability and safety. Risks include water ingress, flooding, and groundwater-induced instability. Effective management strategies such as dewatering, grouting, and environmental monitoring are essential. Advanced exploration techniques like geophysical methods and numerical modeling aid in accurate risk assessment. Proper hydrogeological management ensures efficient and sustainable mining operations.

Abstract Against the backdrop of global sustainable development and China’s dual carbon strategy, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as a national benchmark for green transformation, faces core challenges including resource misallocation (43% imbalance in factor allocation) and uneven spatial development. Using the Greater Bay Area as a case study, this research systematically analyzes the influencing mechanisms and enhancement pathways of green economic competitiveness. It reveals regional heterogeneity characteristics and spatial interaction effects, deepens the theoretical framework of “core-periphery-corridor” coordinated development, and constructs an implementation pathway for green transformation driven by highlevel openness. Findings indicate that regional green competitiveness generates networked spillover effects through cross-regional flows of innovation factors (e.g., 32% patent sharing rate in the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Technology Corridor) and coordinated environmental regulation responses (85% coverage of cross-border pollution control). A 10% increase in digital economy penetration drives a 4.6% growth in green total factor productivity across neighboring cities. The “core-periphery-corridor” paradigm effectively optimizes resource misallocation, driving an average annual growth rate of 8.7% in the green competitiveness index. Key drivers include factor synergy (40% improvement in logistics efficiency, 18% contribution from the digital economy) and institutional innovation (green bond issuance exceeding RMB 500 billion). High-level openness (60% share of foreign investment in clean technologies) further boosts green TFP by 25%, with international green patents accounting for 40%. The research established a “dynamic equilibrium between development and conservation” governance paradigm, providing theoretical innovation and practical models for global urban clusters. Future efforts should deepen cross-regional coordination mechanisms, overcome key technological bottlenecks (e.g., hydrogen energy storage, CCUS), refine green financial systems, and enhance participation in global governance to facilitate the international dissemination of China’s green development solutions.

Abstract The rapid advancement of urbanization has brought about traffic congestion and environmental pollution, highlighting the tension between livability and development pace in cities. Against this backdrop, as people increasingly pursue higher quality of life, ecological city development has emerged as a crucial direction for promoting sustainable development. As one of China’s most economically developed and innovative regions, the Yangtze River Delta plays a pivotal role in advancing ecological civilization goals and national development plans through enhancing its ecological city development standards. Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” goals, this paper focuses on enhancing the green economic competitiveness of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It constructs a three-dimensional evaluation system encompassing economic momentum, ecological resilience, and social welfare. Employing methods such as Gini coefficient decomposition and kernel density estimation, the study systematically examines the spatiotemporal characteristics and improvement pathways of the region’s green economic competitiveness from 2005 to 2022. Results indicate: The comprehensive green economic competitiveness index of the Greater Bay Area grew at an average annual rate of 3.2%. However, regional disparities exhibited a gradient pattern of “inter-cluster variation (50.23%) > super-variability density (31.41%) > intra-cluster variation (18.36%)”. The kernel density distribution evolved from unipolar dominance to multipolar symbiosis, with low-level cities experiencing a “club convergence” effect. The decline in the spatial σ convergence coefficient indicates gradually narrowing regional disparities. However, the competitiveness of the ecological subsystem (2.7% annual growth) lags behind that of the economic subsystem (4.2%). Core cities exhibit a carbon intensity over-limit rate of 12%, creating a mismatch between “economic polarization and ecological dilution.” Research identifies three core constraints: path dependence in industrial structure (traditional manufacturing exceeding 40% share), insufficient policy coordination among three regions (non-uniform carbon accounting standards), and ecological-economic imbalance (core cities’ ecological deficit rate of 12% vs. peripheral ecological surplus of 8.3%). This paper innovatively constructs a three-dimensional “goal-system-foundation” evaluation framework to reveal the nonlinear linkage mechanism among economic, ecological, and social subsystems. It proposes a trinity strategy of “inter-group coordination-industrial transformation-ecological compensation,” which integrates crossregional factor sharing, carbon intensity control coupled with ecological compensation, and the dual-platform development of green technology banks and carbon account blockchains. This approach provides theoretical reference and practical paradigms for the green coordinated development of the Greater Bay Area and the green transformation of urban clusters nationwide.

Abstract This study examines 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province using panel data from 2011 to 2020. It constructs a virtual agglomeration evaluation system to systematically analyze its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and the mechanism through which it drives regional industrial synergy. Findings reveal significant regional disparities in Guangdong’s virtual agglomeration, with core cities in the Pearl River Delta maintaining a leading position while peripheral areas lag relatively. Virtual agglomeration facilitates regional industrial coordination through a four-dimensional mechanism, with digital innovation and financial flow networks serving as key transmission pathways. Accordingly, the study proposes policy implications such as establishing a “core-periphery” collaborative framework and implementing differentiated empowerment strategies. It further suggests future research could expand the indicator system to enhance the evaluation’s comprehensiveness. , with innovation and financial flow networks serving as key transmission pathways. Policy implications include establishing a “core-periphery” collaborative framework and implementing differentiated empowerment strategies. Future research should focus on expanding the indicator system, deepening empirical testing, and conducting cross-regional comparisons.

Abstract This study examines industrial synergy in Guangdong Province, focusing on virtual agglomeration as a novel industrial organization model. It systematically explores its impact mechanisms and practical pathways on regional industrial collaboration. Research indicates that despite possessing a comprehensive industrial system and cluster advantages, Guangdong—a major manufacturing province—faces challenges such as limitations of traditional geographic agglomeration and lagging digital transformation. Virtual agglomeration overcomes spatial constraints through information technology, optimizing resource allocation and collaborative innovation to offer new solutions for industrial synergy. Theoretically, this paper constructs an analytical framework based on industrial agglomeration theory, network economy theory, transaction cost theory, and innovation theory. Empirical evidence reveals the mechanism through which virtual agglomeration promotes industrial synergy by reducing transaction costs and strengthening network externalities. Findings indicate that virtual agglomeration effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional models, empowers enterprises in digital transformation, and provides scientific basis for government policy formulation. It holds significant implications for strengthening industrial chain integration and narrowing regional disparities. Future research directions include deepening studies on new technology integration, cross-regional collaboration, policy adaptability, and SME participation strategies. This study enriches the theoretical framework of industrial collaborative development, offering theoretical and practical references for Guangdong’s industrial transformation toward “high-end, intelligent, and green” development.

Abstract Global climate change is driving the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation systems, with highway service areas—energy-intensive nodes—urgently requiring near-zero carbonization. This study introduces the New Quality Productivity Theory and constructs a three-dimensional theoretical framework of “technology-institution-governance” to systematically analyze its mechanisms in building near-zero carbon highway service areas. Implementation strategies are proposed, including phased construction, talent cultivation, data platform development, and policy optimization. The findings not only enrich the theoretical application of New Quality Productivity but also provide practical references for the green transformation of transportation infrastructure.

Abstract The advancement of the ‘Healthy China 2030’ initiative underscores the strategic importance of school health education, as its effectiveness directly shapes national health outcomes by refining management practices to enhance student well-being. Using policy implementation theory, we identify goal misalignment in current schoolealth education management andanalyze core contradictions in resource allocation, curriculum implementation, nd evaluation mechanisms—integrating policy texts and empirical data—to proposeprecision intervention paths centered on dynamic monitoring, equitable resource distribution, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The findings offer actionable insights for strengthening the sports-education integration governance system, ensuring schools fulfill their role as catalysts for healthy adolescent development.

Abstract To address the reliance on theoretical calculations in existing studies comparing carbon emissions between new energy vehicles (NEVs) and conventional fuel vehicles (TFVs), this research employs an independent samples t-test to analyze real-world emission data. A nine-month field survey (March–November 2024) was conducted in four cities (Berlin, Mumbai, Toronto, Sydney), collecting 32,400 valid daily data points from 120 mid-size sedans (60 NEVs, including 40 BEVs and 20 PHEVs; 60 TFVs, including 45 gasoline cars and 15 diesel cars). Key control variables—driving behavior (average speed, hard acceleration/braking) and ambient temperature (5℃–25℃)—were standardized to minimize bias. Results confirm that NEVs emit significantly less CO₂ than TFVs (P 8) indicate a very large effect size, and sensitivity tests (sample size adjustment, extreme value exclusion) validate result robustness. Limitations include narrow sample scope (four cities) and unaccounted lifecycle emissions (e.g., battery production). This study provides empirical evidence for policies promoting NEVs and optimizing power structures to advance global carbon neutrality

Abstract This study is all about the dangerous weather that can pop up near small local airports—Like fastforming thunderstorms and strong, gusty winds. Since these airports don’t have the same high-tech weather gear as big international ones, it’s harder for pilots and airport workers to get good, real-time storm updates.Our research looks into how these storms grow so quickly and why they’re especially risky—with sudden wind shifts, powerful downbursts, and heavy rain that makes it hard to see. By understanding how these weather dangers work, we hope to help make flying in and out of small airports safer—through better training, smarter planning, and earlier warnings.

Abstract Fiber optic monitoring technology demonstrates unique technical advantages and significant application value in oil and gas field . This paper systematically introduces the fiber optic monitoring technology from three dimensions: basic principle, deployment method and technical advantages, and focuses on its application in key areas, including real-time downhole parameter monitoring, reservoir dynamic monitoring, wellbore integrity monitoring, and safety production and risk warning.Practice shows that fiber-optic monitoring technology, as a modern monitoring means integrating science, advancement and safety, can realize dynamic monitoring of the whole life cycle of oil and gas wells.

Abstract In the huge and complex energy network system, gas is the main by-product produced in the process of coking, ironmaking and steelmaking in metallurgical enterprises. Gas pipelines are laid crisscrossly in every corner of metallurgical enterprises. The gas produced by blast furnace, converter and coke oven is continuously transported to the production areas such as gas holder, sintering, pellet, hot rolling and coke oven, which ensures the normal operation of metallurgical production process and the stable development of enterprises. However, due to the special properties of gas, such as poisoning, ignition and explosion, once the gas pipeline fails and leaks during operation, it is like burying a ‘ time bomb ‘, which is likely to cause serious safety accidents. It poses a great threat to the life safety of employees, the normal operation of production equipment and economic benefits. Therefore, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by the safe operation of gas pipelines, and expounds the intelligent monitoring technology for the safe operation of gas pipelines.

Abstract Against the backdrop of advancing the dual carbon goals, tightening resource and environmental constraints intertwine with pressures for industrial restructuring, making green development the key pathway to resolve the contradiction between economic growth and ecological conservation. With the emergence of highquality development requirements, enhancing regional green economic competitiveness has become a core issue for achieving sustainable development. As one of China’s most open and economically dynamic regions, the Greater Bay Area plays a strategic leading role in advancing national ecological civilization construction and promoting coordinated regional development through the enhancement of its green economic competitiveness. To explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the Greater Bay Area’s green economic competitiveness, this study employs spatial autocorrelation analysis, convergence characteristic assessments (σ-convergence and β-convergence), and dynamic transition pattern analysis (using methods such as continuous density curves and Markov chains). It systematically examines the distribution patterns, differential evolution, and transition characteristics of regional green economic competitiveness. Findings reveal: Spatially, green economic competitiveness exhibits pronounced agglomeration, with high-value zones concentrated in core cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen, while low-value areas are distributed in peripheral cities. Regarding convergence characteristics, the region shows an overall σ-convergence trend, with the σ-convergence coefficient decreasing from 0.11 to 0.07 between 2002 and 2022, indicating gradually narrowing regional disparities but persistent development imbalances. Dynamic transition patterns reveal high stability in green economic competitiveness levels, with over 80% probability of maintaining initial states across all categories. Transitions between low and high levels are infrequent, while medium-level types exhibit relatively stronger mobility, indicating a gradual evolutionary process. These findings provide theoretical insights for promoting coordinated regional development and implementing differentiated policies. Future research may deepen by expanding to micro-level scales, incorporating additional influencing factors, and quantifying policy impacts.