Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is the commonest form of diabetes constituting nearly 90% of the diabetic population in any country. Iron is an important mineral in normal physiological processes, and ferritin is a specialized iron storage protein, which reflects iron stores in the body. Iron overload is a risk factor for diabetes. The link between iron and diabetes was first recognized in pathologic conditions-hereditary hemochromatosis and thalassemia, but high levels of dietary iron also import diabetes risk. Iron plays a direct and causal role in diabetes pathogenesis mediated both by β-cell failure and insulin resistance. The objective of the study to evaluate serum ferritin level among type 2 diabetes patients. Method: A hospital based observational study a total of 240 subjects among them 60 male diabetes patients and 60 female diabetes patients were recruited. Serum ferritin level were checked in all participants. Results: The mean age of T2DM was 59  14 years and control group was 50  13 years. The BMI of each group was 27.52  2.6 and 24.80  2.4. Ferritin (ng/dL) level in T2 DM subjects was 231  36 and control subjects was 48  22. Serum ferritin level among the study subjects control vs T2 DM, t/p value (8.465/0.0001). Conclusion: From this study it was observed that ferritin level is significantly higher among type 2 diabetes patients.

Abstract Background: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) measures the average plasma glucose level over the two to three months before by expressing the ratio of total to glycated hemoglobin. It has emerged as the most significant indicator of long-term hyperglycemia and is highly associated with late complications from diabetes. Now that the analysis has been standardized, it may be linked to international reference sources and reference techniques. The major method for identifying diabetes was made possible by the standardization of HbA1c analyses. The addition of HbA1c as a diagnostic tool will simplify the diagnosis of diabetes compared to the glucose criteria, and should increase the avoidance of late consequences of diabetes, despite some limitations in which HbA1c is not reflective of average glucose concentration.

Abstract Dyslipidemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Lipids and lipoproteins, their metabolism, and their transport are essential contributing factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as they regulate plasma cholesterol concentration, enhancing cholesterol uptake by macrophages, leading to foam cell formation and ultimately resulting in plaque formation and inflammation. In a population with cardiovascular risk factors, HDL-cholesterol, Total/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios were associated with a higher population attributable risk for cardiovascular disease compared to other common biomarkers.

Abstract Enterococci are the most common cause of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections. Enterococcus spp. were isolated from each of Urine and differences for Enterococcus contamination in urine were determined. Because of its unimportant commensals, Enterococci have developed into diverse, deadly diseases due to the routinely prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of nosocomial UTIs are less effective, the developing antibiotic resistance is concerning. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of different enterococcal species isolated from urine samples and to observe the prevalence of microbes in urine samples among the different types of patients. The frequency of enterococci isolation from hospitalized patients' urinary tract has risen. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021 at the Department of Microbiology, AMZ Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 439 urine samples were collected and 96 (21.87%) samples showed growth of different isolates, in growth isolates 29 (30.20%) samples were Enterococcus spp. In this study, the sample was sensitive against Linezolid (95.55%), Vancomycin (89.67%), Penicillin (68.98%), Gentamycin (68.96%), Imepenum (55.17%). From our study revealed that different strains of Enterococcus spp. are resistant to drugs at different rates.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, with millions of individuals affected by the viral infection. Among the vulnerable populations, diabetic patients face a higher risk of severe illness and complications when exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Bangladesh, like many other countries, has witnessed a significant number of COVID-19 cases, raising concerns about the management and outcomes of diabetic patients during this pandemic. This study highlights clinical and demographical experiences in hospitalized and non-hospitalized covid-19 patients in Bangladesh. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was from May 2021 to August 2022. Five selected government hospitals and six private hospitals located in the Dhaka Division were included in this study. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Results: Data of 416 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were recorded and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 44.42 ± 14.20 year with 336 males and 80 females. Comorbidities were present of which hypertension 38.5%, diabetes 32.7%. A significant proportion of patients had symptomatic such as fever 92.3%, dry cough 88.5%, loss of taste 48.07%, loss of smell 50.96% was the most common. Majority of the patients were managed with supportive treatment with paracetamol 38.46%, antihistamine 76.9%, oral vitamin-c 83.65%, and antibiotics 67.30%. It took an average of 12-14 days for them to become negative. And hospitalized patients, of whom 131 were males and 53 were female. Overall mean age was 45.12±13.80 years. They have some kind of comorbidities present like diabetes mellitus 45.65%, hypertension 56.52%, hyperlipidemia 17.39%, coronary heart disease 21.73% etc. In addition, they have taken some medicine as per the doctors advise such as paracetamol 45.65%, antihistamine 63.04, oral vitamin c 69.56%, antibiotics 58.69%, antifungal 45.6% and oxygen therapy 28 (15.21%). Some changed laboratory parameters were observed. Conclusion: We concluded that laboratory results from non-hospitalized patients did not show any major alterations or abnormalities, but laboratory results from hospitalized patients did show substantial changes. There is a post-COVID-19 tiredness warning for them.